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Psych - Ch 1
words, people you know
36
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/12/2009

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Term
hindsight bias
Definition
the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I knew it all along)
Term
why we cant rely only on intuition and common sense
Definition
hindsight bias and judgmental overconfidence
Term
common sense
Definition
describes what has happened more easily than it predicts what will happen
Term
overconfidence
Definition
once people know the answer, hindsight makes it seem obvious and they become...
Term
curiosity
Definition
passion to explore and understand w/o misleading or being misled
Term
curious skepticism
Definition
What do you mean? how do you know? show me the evidence
Term
humility
Definition
we may have to reject our own ideas
Term
critical thinking
Definition
thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Term
scientific method
Definition
they make observations, form theories, then refine theories in light of new observations
Term
theory
Definition
observation, explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events
Term
hypothesis
Definition
testable prediction; be aware of that it can bias subjective observations
Term
operational definition
Definition
a statement of hte procedures used to define research variables, so replication can occur
Term
case study
Definition
study one individual in great depth in hope of revealing things true of us all
Term
survey
Definition
technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by question a representative, random sample of them
Term
false consensus effect
Definition
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Term
best basis for generalizing
Definition
from a representative sample of cases
Term
population
Definition
the whole group you want to study and describe
Term
random sample
Definition
sample that fairly represents a population b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Term
naturalistic ovesevation
Definition
observing and recording behavior in naturally ocurring situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation
Term
correlation
Definition
a measure of hte extent to which 2 factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
Term
scatterplot
Definition
a graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two variables
Term
correlation
Definition
indicates the possibility of a cuase-effect relationship but does not prove causation
Term
illusory correlation
Definition
the perception of a relationship where non exists
Term
experiment
Definition
a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (ind variableS) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dep variable) r
Term
random assignment of partticipants
Definition
experimentaer aims to control other relevant factors
Term
double-blind procedure
Definition
an experimental procedure in which both the researhc participants and research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have recieved the treatment or a placebo
Term
placebo effect
Definition
just believing you are getting a treatment can boost your spirits, relax your body, and relieve your symptoms
Term
experimental condition
Definition
exposes participants to treatment
Term
control condition
Definition
serves as a comparision for evaluatin the effect of treatment
Term
random assignment
Definition
assigning participants to experimental and ocntrol conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences b.w those assigned to the different groups
Term
measure of central tendency
Definition
single score that represents a whole set of scoresavera
Term
reliable averages
Definition
derived from scores with low variability
Term
standard deviation
Definition
a stacomputed mesaure of how much scores vary around the mean
Term
statistical significance
Definition
when sample averages are reliable and the difference between them is relatively large; indicates likelihood that a result will happen by chancereul
Term
resulting principles
Definition
not speicifc findings, that help explain everyday behaviors
Term
culture
Definition
shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes on to the next
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