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Psych 202 summer final
Psych 202 summer final Ciccerelli & White
64
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
07/22/2013

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Cards

Term
Algorithm
Definition
set of instructions for solving a problem or completing a process
Term
Heuristic
Definition
"rule of thumb"
works most of the time
Term
Schema
Definition
a cognitive system which helps us organize and make sense of information
Term
All Major Ego Defenses
Definition
Denial, Displacement, Repression, Regression, Rationalization, Identification, Projection, Compensation, Rxn formation, Sublimination
Term
Door in the Face
Definition
Ask for a lot, then ask for a little
Term
Foot in the Door
Definition
Ask for something small, then ask for something big
Term
That's not all
Definition
adding something extra to an offer to make the offer seem better
Term
zygote
Definition
single cell formed when a sperm cell and egg cell meet
Term
Bystander Effect
Definition
Ex) Kitty Genovesse
social phenomenon in which a person (or persons) are less likely to offer help to another person (or persons) when there are more people around who can also provide assistance
Term
Medical School Syndrome
Definition
when a medical student believes he or she has some or all of the diseases or disorders being studied
Term
Albert Ellis
Definition
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (to change irrational beliefs into rational ones)\
A-activating event, B- Belief, C- consequence, D- dispute, E- effective
Term
ECT
Definition
biomedical therapy in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of a patient in order to produce a chemical change
Term
Group therapy Pros
Definition
Lower Cost, Exposure to ways others view & handle similar problems, social & emotional support
Term
Group therapy cons
Definition
people may be less inclined to speak freely, client must share therapist's time, some people cannot handle GT
Term
Karen Horney
Definition
(1885- 1952) countered Frued's idea of penis envy,developed a theory of neuroses, identified three categories of neurotic needs
Term
Carl Rodgers
Definition
Real self vs ideal self, self-actualizing tendency, positive regard, "fully functioning person", empathy, HUMANIST
Term
Albert Bandura
Definition
Social learning theory, modeling, self-efficacy
Term
OCEAN (big 5 personality traits)
Definition
Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Term
Rorchach
Definition
Developed the inkblots
Term
TAT
Definition
thematic apperception test
basically pictures and you project on to them
Term
Kitty Genovesse
Definition
Woman who was raped and murdered while most of her neighbors watched, could have been saved. EX of the bystander effect
Term
Schizophrenia vs. Multiple Personality
Definition
Schizophrenia: beliefs are not grounded in reality
Mult. Personality: the many personalities are all in reality
Term
William James
Definition
our nervous system reacts with an increased heart rate, a rush of adrenaline, or muscle tension, and our perception of those changes is what is referred to as emotion
FATHER OF FUNCTIONALISM
Term
George Kelley
Definition
Personal Construct Theory
Term
Sigmond Frued
Definition
Father of Psychoanalysis, unconscious mind (dreams),psychosexual development : Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent and Genital, Id, Ego, and Superego
Term
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Definition
an organism's performance can be improved if that organism is aroused in some manner. However, if the level of arousal increases too much, performance decreases
Term
Definition of Abnormal
Definition
deviating from what is considered the "norm" and not conforming to the accepted social rules. maladaptive behavior, subjective discomfort, statistics
Term
Carl Jung
Definition
personal unconscious, "collective unconscious", theory of personality, feeling, thinking, sensation, and intuition,
Term
MMPI
Definition
a test that detects abnormal personality styles. This instrument is commonly used by clinicians to determine if a person may have a psychological disorder
Term
Zimbardo
Definition
Stanford Prison Study, the Lucifer Effect
Term
Harry Harlow
Definition
known for his experiments on maternal separation and social isolation of rhesus monkeys, revealed the importance of contact comfort and social interaction to healthy development, and influenced child-rearing practices, particularly in orphanages and other institutions that provided care to children
Term
Bem
Definition
Self-Perception Theory, people develop attitudes and opinions by observing their own behavior and drawing conclusions from it, gender schema
Term
Astroten research
Definition
Hofling: nurses will do what a doctor says, even if its against the rules
Term
social loafing
Definition
the tendency for people in a group to put less effort into the task when the effort is pooled
Term
Behavior Therapy
Definition
treatment that focuses on changing or reducing the occurrence of some maladaptive behavior, Hans Eysenck
Term
OCD
Definition
obsessive compulsive disorder, An anxiety disorder where individuals are unable to stop thinking the same thoughts or performing the same tasks over and over again.
Term
Major Depression
Definition
Major depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by an extended period of sadness
Term
Bipolar Disorder
Definition
Also known as manic depression, this is a mood disorder in which the person's mood swings from euphoric, manic stages to depressed
Term
Alfred Adler
Definition
Inferiority complex- term used to describe people who compensate for feelings of inferiority importance of birth order,
Term
David Wechsler
Definition
Developed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Intelligence is made of sub intl. verbal and performance
Term
Piaget & his theory & methods
Definition
Schemes, assimilation and accomidation, 4 stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, and formal operations. cognitive perspective
Term
Vygotsky & his theory and methods
Definition
Scaffolding- when more skilled learners help less skilled.
Zone of Proximal Development- diff. b/t what a student can do alone vs what he/she can do w/ a teacher
Term
Personality disorders
Definition
person accepts them as completely normal & has no desire to change them,paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenic disorder
Term
Attitudes
Definition
affective feelings of liking or disliking toward an object, an attitude is not a feeling, a cognition, or a form of behavior but all 3
Term
Anxiety Disorder
Definition
Panic Disorder, Agoraphobia, Social Phobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Acute Stress Disorder
Term
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Definition
is depression that recurs yearly around the same time,changes in sleeping habits and difficulty getting out of bed, overeating, withdrawal from people, loss of interest
Term
Postpartum Depression
Definition
Depression soon after giving birth to children, very common, due to changes in hormones
Term
intelligence stats
Definition
"the normal curve", 100 on int. scale is mean, intel. is due to both experience and genetics
Term
Developmental psychology methods
Definition
Cross-sectional design, longitudinal design, cross-sectional design
Term
social psychology methods
Definition
descriptive research, correlational research, experimental research
Term
Kohlberg theory and methods
Definition
Theory of moral development- 3 stages of morality 1. Avoid getting punished, 2. Absolute Right and Wrong, 3. unspoken contracts between people
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
ego and superego spent energy to keep feelings and thoughts repressed. repression and the development of defense mechanisms left hidden conflicts unresolved. unresolved conflicts prevented normal development.
Term
psychoanalysis methods
Definition
Free Association, dream interp.,
Term
Maslow's theories and model
Definition
Humanistic Approach, Most famous for his hierarchy of needs: bottom=food & water, top=self actualization, peak experiences= when SA is achieved, studies based on Americans
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
born in Austria, never knew father, 8 Crises: Trust/mistrust, autonomy/shame, initiative/guilt, industry/inferiority, identity/role confusion, intimacy/isolation, generativity/stagnation, integrity/despair
Term
Shariff's research
Definition
autokinetic effect, people thought the dot was moving more just because someone else said it was moving
Term
Asch's Research
Definition
3 lines: all different lengths, participants were asked which matched the sample. When a few people said one was right, the group was more likely to say the same
Term
cellular clock
Definition
cells are limited in the number of times they can reproduce to repair damage, telomeres get to short to reproduce
Term
free radicals
Definition
oxygen molecules than hace an unstable electron, damage the inside of cells
Term
Stages of Dying
Definition
Kubler-Ross developed:
1. Denial, 2. Anger, 3. Bargaining, 4. Depression, 5. Acceptance
Term
Alfred Kinsey
Definition
Sex guy, the kinsey scale, very controversial- shocked many americans
Term
Types of Psychotherapy
Definition
Freudian, humanistic, Behavioristic, Cognitive, Group, psychopharmacology, electroconvulsive
Term
Frued and Drives
Definition
Eos and thanatos, labido and morbido, life and death
Term
Skinner & theories
Definition
father of operant conditioning, + and - reinforcers
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