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Psych 150 Chapter 05
midterm 1
15
Psychology
Not Applicable
09/13/2007

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Term
psychosocial
Definition
Erikson's approach to development, offered as an alternative to Freud's psychosexual approach
Term
epigenetic principle
Definition
the principle for psychosocial development, based on a biological model, in which parts emerge in order of increasing differentiation
Term
ritual
Definition
cultural practice or tradition that supports ego strengths
Term
ritualism
Definition
an individual's maladaptive repetive actions intended to make up for weak aspects of ego development
Term
pseudospeciation
Definition
the exaggerated sense of many groups, especially national and ethnic groups, that they are different from others, leading to conflict among groups
Term
Erikson's Eight Stages of Development
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Definition
1. Trust Versus Mistrust (hope)
2. Autonomy Versus Shame (will)
3. Initiative Versus Guilt (purpose)
4. Industry Versus Inferiority (competence/self-esteem)
5. Identity Versus Identity Diffusion (fidelity)
6. Intimacy Versus Isolation (love)
7. Generativity Versus Self-absorption (care)
8. Integrity Versus Despair (wisdom)
Term
1. Trust Versus Mistrust (hope)
Definition
infant
Needs maximum comfort with minimal uncertainty to trust himself/herself, others, and the environment

hope- fundamental conviction in the trustworthiness of the world
Term
2. Autonomy Versus Shame (will)
Definition
Toddler
Works to master physical environment while maintaining self-esteem

will-conviction that what one wants to happen can happen
Term
3. Initiative Versus Guilt (purpose)
Definition
Preschooler
Begins to initiate, not imitate, activities; develops conscience and sexual identity

purpose-orientation to attain goals through striving
Term
4. Industry Versus Inferiority (competence/self-esteem)
Definition
School-Age Child
Tries to develop a sense of self-worth by refining skills

competence-sense of workmanship, of perfecting skills
Term
5. Identity Versus Identity Diffusion (fidelity)
Definition
Adolescent
Tries integrating many roles (child, sibling, student, athlete, worker) into a self-image under role model and peer pressure

fidelity-ability to sustain loyalties freely pledged

identity foreclosure-an identity is accepted without adequate exploration

moratorium-period provided by society when an adolescent is sufficiently free of commitments to be able to explore identity; also, a stage of identity development when such exploration is occurring, before identity achievement

diffusion- no clear idea of one’s identity and making no attempt to find that identity.

identity achievement
Term
6. Intimacy Versus Isolation (love)
Definition
Young Adult
Learns to make personal commitment to another as spouse, parent or partner

love-ability to form an intimate mutual relationship with another person
Term
7. Generativity Versus Self-absorption (care)
Definition
Middle-Age Adult
Seeks satisfaction through productivity in career, family, and civic interests

care-ability to nurture the development of the next generation
Term
8. Integrity Versus Despair (wisdom)
Definition
Older Adult
Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and preparation for death

Wisdom-mature sense of the meaningfulness and wholeness of experience
Term
Identity
Definition
sense of sameness between one's meaning for oneself and one's meaning for others in the social world
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