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Psych 101 Exam 1 Review
review for first exam of psych 101
70
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/21/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Level of the person
Definition
evenrs that involves mental processes and mentral contents of the mind
Term
level of the brain
Definition
events that involve the activities structure and properties of the brain itself; including, the brain cells and their connections
Term
level of the group
Definition
events that involve relationships between people, groups, and culture. such relationships can be one of love between two people, a ritual between cultures.
Term
psychology
Definition
the science of the mind and behavior
Term
behavior
Definition
the outwardly observable acts in a person, either alone or in a group
Term
gestalt psychology
Definition
an approach to understanding mental events that focus on the idea that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. emphasizes overall patterns of thoughts and experiences
Term
humanistic psychology
Definition
the school of psychology that assumes people have positive values, free will, creativity, the comvination of which allows them to choose life fulfilling paths to personal growth
Term
structuralism
Definition
the school of psychology that sought to identify the basic elements of consciousness and to descrive the rules and circumstances under which these elements combine to form mental structures
Term
functionalism
Definition
the school of psychology that sought to understand how the mind helps the individual to adapt to the world around them, to function effectively in it.
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
an intense form of therapy that is directly connected to Freud's theory of personality and on the idea that psychological difficulties are cuased by unconscious conflicts/behavior
Term
behaviorism
Definition
the school of psychology that focuses on how a specific stimulus evokes a specific response
Term
variable
Definition
an aspect of a situation that can vary or change; specifically, a characteristic of a substance, quantity, or entity that is measurable.
Term
data
Definition
careful description or numerical measurements of a phenomenon
Term
sample
Definition
a group that is deawn from a larger population, which is measured and observed
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a tentative idea that might explain a set of observations
Term
operational definition
Definition
a definition of a concept that specifies how it is measured or manipulated. It is also the prcise meaning of a term used to describe a variable
Term
dependant variable
Definition
the aspect of the situation that is measured as the values of an independent variable are changed
Term
independant variable
Definition
the aspect of the situation that is deliverately and independently varied while another is measured
Term
confounding variable
Definition
varies along with the independent variables of interest
Term
mental processes
Definition
a set of operations that work together to carry out a function.
Term
mental contents
Definition
knowledge, beliefs, desires, and feels
Term
neuron
Definition
specialized cell that receives processes and sends info
Term
sensory neuron
Definition
a nerve cell that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the centralnervous system.
Term
motor neuron
Definition
a nerve cell that conducts impulses to a muscle, gland, or othereffector.
Term
interneuron
Definition
any neuron having its cell body, axon, and dendrites entirely withinthe central nervous system, especially one that conveys impulsesbetween a motor neuron and a sensory neuron.
Term
cell body
Definition
the central part of a neuron which contains the nucleus
Term
axon
Definition
the sending end of the neuron; the long cablelike structure extending from the cell body
Term
terminal button
Definition
a structure at the end of the brand of an axon that can release chemicals into the space between neurons
Term
dendrite
Definition
the reelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons
Term
central nervous system
Definition

 

the spinal cord and the brain
Term
peripheral nervous system
Definition
the autonomic nervous system and the sensory-somatic nervous system. allows the brain and the spinal cord to communicate with the sensory systems of the eyes, ears and mouth and allows the brain to control muscle and glands of the body
Term
sympathetic nervous system
Definition
readies teh body to get in the postion to acts. such as the fight or flight.
Term
parasympathetic nervous system
Definition
counteracts the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Term
sensory somatic nervous system
Definition
art of the peripheral nervous system that consists of neurons in the sensory organs that convey info to the brain as well as neurons that actually trigger muscles and glands
Term
parkinsons disease
Definition
causes to become sluggish
Term
sensation
Definition
the result of neural responses that occur after physical energy stimulates a receptor cell (such as those at the back of the eye, in the ear, on the skin) but before the stimulus is organized and interpreted by the brain
Term
perception
Definition
the result of neural processes that organize (such as by specifying a particular shape0 and interpret (such as by identifying the object) information conveyed by sensory signals
Term
psychophysics
Definition
he field in which researchers study the relation between physical events and the corresponding experience of those events
Term
threshold
Definition
the point at which stimuli activate receptor cells strongly enough to be sensed
Term
absolute threshold
Definition
the magnitude of the stimulus needed, on average, for an observer to detect it half the time it is present
Term
just noticeable difference
Definition
the size of the difference in a stimulus characteristic needed for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli or a change in a single stimulus
Term
weber's law
Definition
the rule that the same percentage of a agnitude must be present in order to detect a difference between two stimuli or a change in a single stimulus
 
Term
trichromatic theory of color vision
Definition
the theory that color vision arises from the combinations fo signals from three different kinds of sensors, each of which responds maximally to a different range of wavelengths
Term
dichotic listening
Definition
a procedure in which participants hear different stimuli presented separately to eat of the two ears (through headphones) and are instructed to listen only to sounds presented to one ear
Term
Ivan Pavlov
Definition
Russian physiologist conducted a 'conditioned reflex' experiment, which made dogs drool at the sound of a bell.
Term
William James
Definition
the proponent of functionalism
Term
wilhem wundt
Definition
founded the first psychology lab in germany
Term
max wertheimer
Definition
proponent of gestalt psycholofy
Term
plato
Definition
believed the eyes produced rays in order to see
Term
classical conditioning
Definition
a type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that causes a reflexive behavior, and, in time, this neutral stimulus is sufficient to elicit--draw out from the animal-- that behavior
Term
unconditioned stimulus and response
Definition
stimulus that elicits an automatic response/ the reflextive or automatice response elicited
Term
conditioned stimulus and response
Definition
an originally neutral stimulus that comes to produce a response evoked by a US after it has been paired enough times with that US/ a response that depends on pairing the conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stumulus ; once learned, the response to the us now occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented alone
Term
operant conditioning
Definition
the process by which a stimulus and response become associated with the consequences of making the response
Term
immediate reinforcement
Definition
reinforcement given immediatelyafter the desired response is exhibited
Term
fixed interval
Definition
reinforcement given for responses only when they areproduced after a fixed time
Term
variable interval
Definition
reinforcement given for responses produced after a variable time.
Term

Cerebellum 

Definition

balance, smooth movement, and posture

Term

 

Thalamus 

 

Definition

 "central switching station" – relays incoming sensory information (except olfactory) to the brain

Term

 

Hypothalamus 

Definition

 

 controls the autonomic nervous system, and therefore maintains the body’s homeostasis, which we will discuss later (controls body temperature, metabolism, and appetite. Translates extreme emotions into physical responses.

Term

 

Limbic System 

Definition

emotional expression, particularly the emotional component of behavior, memory, and motivation

 

Term

 

Amygdala

Definition

attaches emotional significance to information and mediates both defensive and aggressive behavior

 

Term

 

Hippocampus 

Definition

involved more in memory, and the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory

Term

Frontal 

Definition

motor cortex) motor behavior, expressive language, higher level cognitive processes, and orientation to person, place, time, and situation

 

Term

 

Parietal 

Definition

(somatosensory Cortex) involved in the processing of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

 

Term

 

Occipital 

Definition

(visual cortex) interpretation of visual information

 

Term

 

Temporal 

Definition

(auditory cortex) receptive language (understanding language), as well as memory and emotion

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