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psyc1010
chapter 13 Defining Personality
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
02/08/2011

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Term
Personality
Definition

The unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual

 

Term
The Statistical property of most personality traits is that they are?
Definition
Normally Distributed
Term
Behavioral Thresholds
Definition
The point at which a person moves from not having a particular response to having one
Term
Trait
Definition
A disposition to behave consistently in a particular way.
Term
Nature & Nurture
Definition
The evolution of personality traits demonstrates how are bodies, brain, and behavior can be shaped by environmental forces over long periods of time.
Term

Quanitiative trait loci (QTL) approach

 

Definition
A technique in behavioral genetics that looks for the location on genes that might be associated with particular behaviors.
Term
Nature and Nurture of personality: heriablity of five tratis.
Definition
twin studies indicate that heredity (genetics) account for 50% to 60% of most traits, slightly less for agreeableness and openness. What's surprising is that the influence of the shared environment (home and family) on these traits is small, compared with the influence of the non-shared environment. (Source: Plomin & Caspi), 1999.)
Term
Nature & nurture
Definition
Term
Nature & Nurture
Definition
Fetal acrivity and heart rate can reveal something about temperament differences over the first year of life.
Term
The genetic marker for thrill seeking involves genetic differences in which neurotransmittter?
Definition
Dopamine
Term
Researchers obtain estimates of how heritable personality traits are by 
Definition
Studying twins
Term
People in Asian culteures exhibit qualities that suggest a personality dimension of __________that is rarely seen in Western Cultures.
Definition
Interpersonal relatedness
Term
Ego
Definition
Freud's term for the sense of self; the part of the mind that operates on the  "reality principle."
Term
Unconscious
Definition
The level of consciousness containing all drives, urges, and instincts that are outside awareness but nonetheless motiviated most behavior.
Term
id
Definition
Freud's term for the seat of impulse and desire; the pleasure-seeking part of our personality.
Term
Superego
Definition
Freud's term for the part of the mind that monitors behavior and evaluates it in terms of right and wrong; the conscience.
Term
The relative influences of ID, EGO, and Superego in three types ofpeople
Definition
Freud argued that the relative sizes and strengths of the id, ego, and superego (as symbolized by the size of the circles (p. 503: 13.2) contributed to whether a person is overly impulsive, neurotically repressed and overcontrolled, or psychologically balanced and healthy. (Source: Feist & Feist, 2009.)
Term
connections page 503
Definition

Cognitive psychologist refer to mental processes that occur outside awareness as  "implicit' or  "automatic."

 

Much of what we learn and remember is implicit.

Term
Defense Mechanisms
Definition
Unconscious strategies the mind uses to protect inself from anxiety by denying and distorting reality in some way.
Term
Reaction Formation
Definition
A defense mechanism that turns an unpleasant idea, feeling, or impulse into its opposite.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
A defense mechanism in which a socially unacceptable impulse is expressed in a socially accepable way.
Term
Repression
Definition
Defense mechanism for keeping unpleasant throughts, feelings, or impulses out of consciousness.
Term
Projection
Definition
A defese mechanism in which people deny particular ideas, feelings, or impulses and project them onto other.
Term
13.3 Freud's theory of psychosexual development
Definition
Freud's theory focuses on distinct regions of the body being the main source of pleasure.
Term

Oral (0-18 months)

Anal (18 - 36 months)

Phallic (3 - 6 years)

Latency (6 - puberty)

Genital (Puberty and up)

 

Definition

The mouth and sucking, biting, chewing.

 

The anus and bowel and bladder elimination

 

The genital (self-focused) and attraction for opposite-sex parent.

 

Not applicable; sexual feeling remain latent and dormant.

 

The genitals (self-and other-focused) and mature sexual behavior (giving and receiving pleasure.)

Term
Psychosexual Stage Theory
Definition
Freud's stages of personality development; in different stages a different region of the body is most erogenous.
Term

Connection p.506

Clinical psychologists refer to anal fixations as

 

 

Definition
Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Term
Striving for superiority
Definition
According to Adler, the major drive behind all behavior, where by humans naturally strive to overcome their physical and psychological deficiencies.
Term
Fixation
Definition
A defense mechanism whereby a person continues to be concerned and even preoccupied with earlier stages of development.
Term
Alder observed that people's personalities are shaped by their birth order.
Definition
Term
Inferiority Complex
Definition
An unhealthy need to dominate or upstage others as a way of compensating for feeling of deficiency.
Term
Collective Unconscious
Definition

According to Jung, the shared experiences of our ancestors that have been passed down from generation to generation.

 

 

Term
Personal Unconscious
Definition
According to Jung, all our repressed and hidden thoughts, feelings, and movtives
Term
 Darth Vader, the villian from the movei Star Wars, epitomizes Jung's shadow archetype of the dark, morally repugnant side of human nature.
Definition
Term
Archetypes
Definition
Ancient or archaic images that result from common ancestral experiences.
Term
Anima
Definition
According to Jung, the female part of the male personality
Term
Animus
Definition
According to Jung, the male part of the female personality
Term
Interaction among hostility, anxiety, and defenses in Horney's Theory
Definition
Hosititiy and anxiety mutally influence one onother, and person then defends him of herself by developing either normal or neurotic defenses. Horney maintained htat we all may develop defenses, but in neurotic individual, these needs become compulsive.
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