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Psyc 2314
Human life span and development
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
08/25/2014

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Term
science of human development
Definition
the science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time
Term
scientific method
Definition
a way to answer questions that requires empirical research and databased conclusions
Term
hypothesis
Definition
a specific prediction that can be tested
Term
empirical evidence
Definition
evidence that is based on observation, experience, or experiment, not theory
Term
replication
Definition
the repetition of a study using different participants
Term
nature
Definition
general term for the traits and, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits gentically from his or her parents at the moment of conception
Term
nurture
Definition
a general term for all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived
Term
life-span perspective
Definition
an approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood
Term
critical period
Definition
a time when a particular type of developmental growth in body or behavior must happen if it is ever going to happen
Term
sensitive period
Definition
a time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen or happens most ealiy, although it may still happen later with more difficulty. For example, early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning
Term
cohort
Definition
a group defined by the shared age of its members, who, because they were born at about the same time, move through life together, experiencing the same historical events and cultural shifts
Term
socioeconomic status
Definition
a person's position in society as determined by income. wealth, occupation, education and place of residence
Term
culture
Definition
a system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions
Term
social construction
Definition
an idea that is based on shared perceptions, not on objective reality. many age-related terms such as childhood, adolescence, yuppie and senior citizen is social constructions
Term
difference-equals-deficit error
Definition
the mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard
Term
Ethnic Group
Definition
People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share a language, culture and religion
Term
epigenetic
Definition
Referring to the effects of environmental forces on the exression of an individuals's, or a species genetic inheritance
Term
Dynamic systems
Definition
a view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial influences. The crucial understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by,and affects , many systems of development
Term
differential sensitivity
Definition
The idea that some people are more vulnerable than others to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences
Term
Experiment
Definition
research method in which the researcher tries to determine the cause-and effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one ( The Independent Variable) and then observing and recording the ensuing changes in the other ( the dependent variable)
Term
Independent variable
Definition
in an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent variable( also called experiamental variable)
Term
dependent variable
Definition
in an experiment, the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimanter adds. Depends on the Independent variable
Term
Survey
Definition
research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews, written questionnaires, or some other means
Term
case study
Definition
in-depth study of one person
Term
Cross-sectional research
Definition
a research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics
Term
Longitudal research
Definition
a research design in which the same individual are followed over tine and their development is repeatedly assessed
Term
cross-sequential research
Definition
researchers forst study a group of people with different ages( Cross-sectional) and then follow those groups over a period of time ( longitudal app )
Term
correlation
Definition
a number that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables, expressed in terms of the likelihood that one variable will ( or will not) occur when the other variable does ( or does not). A correlation indicates only that two variables are related, not that one variable causes the other to occur
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