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PSY - Human Growth and Develop
N/A
138
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
04/05/2009

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Cards

Term
Obesity
Definition
Having a BMI of 30 or more
Term
Leptin
Definition
A protein that is involved in satiety; acts as an anti-obesity hormone.
Term
Set Point
Definition
The weight you maintain when you make no effort to gain or lose weight.
Term
Alcoholism
Definition
Disorder that involves long term, repeated, uncontrolled, compulsive and excessive use of alcoholic beverages and that impairs the drinker's health and social relatinships
Term
Nicotine
Definition
The active drug in cigarettes - a stimulant
Term
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Definition
Diseases contracted through intercourse and/or oral-genital and anal-genital sex
Term
HIV
Definition
Virus that destroys the body's immune system.
Term
Glass Ceiling
Definition
Invisible barrier to career advancement preventing women and ethnic minorities from holding managerial or executive jobs.
Term
Rape
Definition
Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not give consent.
Term
Temperament
Definition
Individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses.
Term
Love
Definition
Spans a range of relationships that includes friendship, romantic love, and affectionate love.
Term
Sternberg
Definition
Proposed a triarchic theory of love in which love can be thought of as a triangle with 3 main dimensions - passion, intimacy, and commitment.
Term
Cohabitation
Definition
Living together in a sexual relationship without being married.
Term
Sarcopenia
Definition
Age related loss of muscle mass and strength.
Term
Accommodation of the eye
Definition
Ability of the eye to focus and maintain image on the retina
Term
Climacteric
Definition
midlife transition in which fertility declines
Term
HRT - Hormone Replacement Theory
Definition
Augments declining levels of reproductive hormone productin by the ovaries.
Term
Generativity
Definition
Adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.
Term
Levinson
Definition

wrote "Seasons of Man's Life"

Term
Cohorts
Definition
Individuals born in the same year or time period.
Term
2%
Definition

What percentage of youth are involved in juvenile court cases?

Term
17%
Definition
What percentage of high school students contemplate suicide?
Term
15 - 20%
Definition
The percentage of the US population thay may have dyslexia.
Term
At least twice the general population
Definition
The drop-out rate for students with dyslexia
Term
Aids virus can be passed through mother's breast milk
Definition
One disadvantage of programs in impoverished countries that encourage mothers to breast-feed their babies.
Term
cephalocaudal pattern of development
Definition
development of the brain, followed by the spinal cord, and then leg nerves
Term
proximodistal pattern of development
Definition
Baby is able to move his trunk and arms, but is unable to control his hands and fingers is what pattern of development?
Term

20 inches and 7.5 lbs long

Definition
Average American newborn weighs __________ and is _________long.
Term
considerably heavier than most babies
Definition
a baby weighted 12 lbs when born; compared to other newborns in the US, he is _________.
Term
Neuron
Definition
a nerve cell in the brain is called
Term
after birth
Definition

Extensive brain development continues:

 

Term
Shaken baby syndrome
Definition

Swelling and hemorraging of a baby's brain is likely to be the result of:

Term
75%
Definition
By a child's 2nd birthday, is or her brain is approximately _______ of the weight of an adult's brain.
Term
all of the above
Definition

The cerebral cortex plays a role in:

perception

language

thought

all of the above

 

Term

conception and continues throughout the human life span.

Definition
Development is best defined as a pattern of growth that begins at:
Term
growth and decline
Definition

Development includes:

 

stability and growth

growth and decline

stability and decline

growth and change

 

Term

whether most developmental change occurs in infancy and early childhood or in later phases of development

Definition

One psychologist believes in the traditional view of development change; another one believes in the life-span view. Mostly likely, they would disagree about:

 

- the scientific methods used in study development

- whether the tabula rasa or innate goodness positions were correct.

- whether most developmental change occurs in infancy and early childhood or in later phases of development

- whether the earlier theoritsts, such as Frued and Jung, were correct or whether the later theorists such as Piaget and SKinner were correct.

Term
throughout the entire life cycle
Definition
According to life-span perspective, when do develomental changes occur?
Term
development changes occur in the early, middle, and late years.
Definition
A life-span theorist believes that:
Term
There are few or no chanes that occur during adulthood.
Definition
What does the traditional view of human development state about develomental change in adulthood?
Term
the average number of years a person can live.
Definition
Life expectancy refers to:
Term
lifelong
Definition
The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is:
Term
all of these
Definition

Life expectancy increased during the 20th century because of improvements in:

 

santitation

nutrition

medicine

all of these

Term

Phenotype

Definition
expression of a gene
Term

myosis

Definition
cell division
Term
mitosis
Definition
cell replication
Term
phenotype
Definition
includes physical characteristics such as height, weight, and hair color
Term

males

Definition

Male's or females are more susceptible to sex-linked inheritance?

Term
Down's syndrome
Definition

Condition that is a result of an extra copy of chromosome 21

Term

PKU

Definition
Condition when individuals cannot metabolize an amino acid
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
Layer of fat cells
Term
social smile
Definition
Occurs in response to an external stimuli
Term
reflexive smile
Definition
Does not occur in reponse to external stimuli, appears during first month
Term
reflexes
Definition
Built-in reactions to stimuli
Term

attachment

Definition
close emotional bond between two people
Term
social referencing
Definition
reading emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a situation
Term
pruning
Definition
unused connections disappear
Term
axon
Definition
carries signals away from the cell body
Term
gestures
Definition
showing and point, occurs at 8 - 12 months
Term
object permanence
Definition
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can't be seen or heard.
Term
SIDS
Definition
highest cause of infant death
Term
LAD - Language acquisition device
Definition
humans are biological prewired to learn language
Term
accommodation
Definition
children adjust their schemes to take in new information
Term
stranger anxiety
Definition
most frequent expression of an infant's fear
Term
over extension
Definition
tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word's meaning
Term
dendrites
Definition
carries signals to the cell body
Term
cephalocaudal
Definition
sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top, beginning with the head
Term
pre-frontal thinking
Definition
higher-level thinking
Term
assimilation
Definition
children use their existing schemes to deal with new information
Term
synapsis
Definition
gaps between neurons
Term
laterization
Definition
specialization of function in one hemisphere or another
Term
wernicke's area
Definition
receptive language
Term
visual cliff
Definition
demonstrated infants have binocular vision by 4 months
Term
broca's area
Definition
expressive language
Term
adaptation
Definition
adjusting to new environmental demands
Term
personality
Definition
enduring personal characteristics
Term
neuron
Definition
nerve cell
Term
schemes
Definition
mental representations that organize knowledge
Term
cerebral cortex
Definition
covers the forebrain like a wrinkled cap
Term
physical characteristics
Definition

 

during the elementary years, a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to al of the following, except:

 

psychological characteristics

social comparison

social aspects

physical characteristics

Term
i am nice, and i have a friend named Julie
Definition

how would an 8 year old describe himself:

 

i am 8 and i have a bicycle

i am 9 and i have red hair

i am nice and i have a friend name Julie

i am taller than my brother but shorter than my mother

 

Term

compare themselves with their peers

Definition

In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to:

 

compare themselves with their peers

compare themselves with role models

use physical characteristics to describe themselves

use outer states to describe themselves

Term
self-concept
Definition

which refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?

 

self-concept

self-esteem

self-awareness

self-concept

Term
global; domain-specific
Definition

self-esteem is to _________self-evaluation as to self-concept is to _______self-evalutation

Term
moderate
Definition

The correclation between self-esteem and school performance is:

 

very low

modearate

high

very high

Term
emotional support and social approval
Definition

Teachers working on the self-esteem of students frequently comment on how nice it is to have students in class. Which strategy are the teachers engaging in?

 

emotional support and social approval

promotion increased achievement

helping student cope with a problem

implementing a peer support system

Term
they perform competently at a task they value.
Definition

Children have the highest self-esteem when:

 

they are emotionally supported for their efforts

they perform competently at a task they value

they are extrinsically rewarded by role models

their peers acknowledge their achievements

Term
266 days
Definition
prenatal development lasts ____ number of days
Term
2 weeks
Definition
germinal period is ______ of weeks after conception
Term
Germinal period
Definition
Period when implantation to the uterine wall occurs
Term

embryonic period

Definition
when organs are most susceptible to environmental infuences
Term
5
Definition
Apgar score measures how many signs of health?
Term
anoxia
Definition
insufficient blood supply
Term
Kangaroo care
Definition
a way of holding an infant for extended period of time
Term
involution
Definition
when the uterus returns to it's pre-pregnant size
Term
Psychosexual
Definition
Name of Freud's stages
Term
8
Definition
number of stages in Erikson's theory of development
Term
Moral development
Definition
involves
thoughts, feelings, and actions regarding rules and regulations about what people
should do in their interactions with others
Term
Oedipus Complex
Definition
Freud’s view that the preschool
child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent
Term
Gender identity
Definition

The sense of being male or female

Term
Gender Roles
Definition
Sets of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel
Term
10
Definition
Age children recognize laws
Term
empathy
Definition
responding to another person’s feelings with an emotion that echoes the other’s feelings
Term
Baumrind
Definition
Who developed 4 types of parenting styles?
Term
Authoritarian
Definition
Restrictive, punitive parenting style in which parents place firm limits and controls - most restrictive.
Term
Authoritative parenting style
Definition
parenting style that encourages children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions.
Term
Neglectful Parenting Style
Definition
parent is very uninvolved in the child's life
Term
Indulgent Parenting Style
Definition
parenting style in which parents are highly involved in children's lives but place few demands or controls on them.
Term
Time out
Definition

Child is briefly removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement.

Term
Maltreatment
Definition
may take the form of physical abuse, child neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse
Term
First born
Definition
Which children are more adult-oriented, helpful, conforming, and self-controlled. These children excel in academic and professional endeavors, and they have more
guilt, anxiety, and difficulty in coping with stressful situations, as
well as higher admission to child guidance clinics.
Term
play
Definition
hobby or other enjoyable activity
Term
Myelination
Definition

The process by which the axons are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells

Term
body mass index
Definition
What is BMI?
Term
scaffolding
Definition
which parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with the parents. This involves parental behavior that supports children’s efforts.
Term
Preoperational Stage
Definition
Which Piaget stage lasts from 2 - 7 years old in which children begin to represent the world in words, pictures, and drawings.
Term
Egocentrism
Definition
inability to distinguish between
one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective
Term
ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
Definition
term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone but that can be learned with guidance
and assistance of adults or more-skilled children
Term
Vygotsky
Definition
Developed sociocultural cognitive theory
Term
Private speech
Definition
language for self-regulation
Term
short term memory
Definition
Lasts about 30 seconds
Term
Long term memory
Definition
Relatively permanent memory;
Term
rehearsal
Definition
repeating information after it has been presented
Term
Theory of Mind
Definition
refers to awareness of one’s own mental processes and the mental processes of others
Term
Babbling
Definition
Baby's first language
Term
Pavlov
Definition
Who claims children learn through association
Term
3
Definition
90% of children are potty trained by what age?
Term
experiemental reasoning
Definition
What are variables in survey research called?
Term
Correlation research
Definition
What research implies cause and effect?
Term
Cross Sectional
Definition
research simultaneously compares individuals of different ages.
Term
Yes
Definition
Women are born with a lifetime of eggs?
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Environmental toxins that are harmful to developing fetus?
Term
22
Definition
number of autosomal genes?
Term
18
Definition
Language development proceeds rapidly at what age?
Term
telegraphic speech
Definition
combining two words is called?
Term
monozygotic
Definition
term that identifies idential twins
Term
dizygotic
Definition
term that identifies fraternal twins
Term
Y chromosome
Definition
What chromosome does Turney syndrome exclude?
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