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PSY - chapter 14
PSY
49
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2012

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Term
what is the biological explanation for what we find attractive?
Definition
health or reproductive success
Term
under the bioloigcal explaination for attractiveness, do we prefer faces that are average or distinct? why?
Definition
average, they average out differences to make face more symetirical
Term
what are the socio-physical explanations of attraction?(2)
Definition

realtionships could lead to social profit (if with attractive person)

we see attractive people as also having varity of other pos. traits.

Term
evolutionary psychological reason for attractivness
Definition
women like men who have a lot of rsources and aren't sexually easy.
men like women (lots of them) who are easy.
Term
what are the criuqes of the evolutionary perspective?
Definition
gender differences not very big looking at long term
no diff in desiarbiliyty of potential marriage partner based on sexual experience
both men and women more picky about long term mate
Term
matching hypothesis
Definition
people's tendency to seek and find partners who are roughly at their own level of physical attractivness
Term
describe complementary attractivness.
Definition
we fair better in relationships where both partners have high skills in diff areas.. ie they're not both after high music skill if they both see music as a quitensical part of their sense of self
Term
define reciprocity
- its context to daiting
Definition
in-kind response to behaviour of others
- people are attracted to people who think they are attracted to them
Term
proximity
Definition
not simply due to opportunity to meet and interact with people, but also due to the familiarity that comes with seeing these pople repeatedly over time.
Term
what are the different theories on what love is? (4)
Definition

triagnular theory

love styles theory

arousal attriubtion thoery

reward theory

Term
companionate love
Definition
stable, calm, and dependable kinds of love that may include quiet intimacy, stability, shared attitudes/values/life expereinces, and high levels of self-dsicolosure
Term
3 components of triangular theory
Definition
passion
intamcy
commitment
...maybe mem tirangle on pg. 496
Term
describe the love styles theory (6)
Definition

eors (passionate love)

- drawn to "types"

ludus (uncommited love)

stoage (friendhsip lvoe)

mania (obbsessive love)

pragma (practical love)

agape (Selfless love)

** we're more attracted to those with similar one to us

Term
arousal attriubtion theory aka misttriubtion of physiological arousal.
Definition
misattriubtion of arousal gets misinterped as deep romantic love
Term
excitation transfer
Definition
when arousal caused by one sitmulus is added to arousal from second stimulus and combined arousal is erroneously attributed to second stimulus.
Term
passsionate love
Definition
intesne, excting and all encompusing type of love, which includes constant thoughts about the person, powerful physical attraction and intesne communication
Term
reward thoery of love
Definition
we like people who are pressent when we expereience reward (classical conditioning)
Term
why does love matter?
Definition
makes us feel better about ourselves, translates into higher lvels of self esteem and self efficacy, and physical well being
Term
when looking at pics of beloved, which parts of brain lite up?
Definition
caudate nucleous and VTA (vental tegmental area)
Term
what are the hormone levels of poeple in love?
Definition
high poemain and norepinephrine and low serotonin
Term
four models of relationship satisfaction and maintenance
Definition
attachment styles
postive illusions
social norms
social exchange hteory
Term
attachment styles
Definition
expectations that a person has about relationship parterner, based largeryl on person's early expereinces with his or her cargivers
Term
postive illusions
Definition
notion that people tend to see romanitc partners as well as relationships in high idealized ways
Term
discuss the 3 different attaching styles
Definition
secure - parents availbe and responsive. - like connections avoidant - parents consistently unavailable - kids dont want realtinships anxious/ambelience - partents sometimes around - diffiuclt trusting, but really want relatinoships
Term
people who are securely attached have these characteristics when discussing conflicts with their partner (5)
Definition

-less anger prone

- endosrse more consturive anger goals

- report more adatpitive responses and more pos. affect in anger episodes

- attribute less hostile intent to others

- expect more pos. outcomes than insecure people.

Term
describe the sex lives of those with anxiosu models of attachemnet and avoidant attachment styles.
Definition
ansioux
- have sex to reudce inseciruty and fostering intense intamcy

avoidant
- sex for soacila status and presige.
- have the most sex b/c htey dont' care about partners
Term
holding idzenalized view (postive illusion) about relatinoship is damanging or good?
Definition
good. assoicated with icnreased satisfaction and relationship longetivity
Term
socil norms approach for happy and healthy relationships
Definition
we like those who follow the same soical norms we do
ie exhcange relatinoships (co-workers) vrs. communal relatinoships (fam and lovers)
Term
social exchange theory
Definition
theory that people's satisfiaction in relationships is determined by costs and rewards of relationsihps
Term
impact of comparosn level (part of social exchange theory)
Definition
relatinoships sucess not only infucled by overall costs and benifeifts of relationship, but also by expectations poeple have regarding costs and benfits of intimate relationshps.
Term
comparison level
Definition
expected outcome of relationships, meaning extent to which a perons expects his or her realtnioships to be rewarding
Term
compairison levels for alteratives (CLasts)
Definition
calculation regarding expectd benifts and costs that a person could recieve from having relatinoship with various other partners
Term
investment
Definition
serouces devted to relatnioship that can't be retrieved
Term
equity theory
Definition
theory that realtinoship satisifation depends on ratio of costs and befits for each pertner in a relatinoship
ie if amount both parterns investing equal = happy relatnioships
Term
stratigies for increasing relatinoship satisfcation
Definition
increase pos and reward. behaviours
engagne in new actiivies (exciting)
remeber to put effort in
Term
common problems in close relatinoships (4)
Definition
conflict, jealously, loneliness, relationshps dilutions (breaking up)
Term
descibre typology of responses (a conflict method) (4)
Definition

voice - talk things over

neglect- withdraw emotionally

exit - leave relatinoships

loyalty - do nothing and wait for it to get better

Term
four horsmen of appocoloypse
Definition
cristims
contempt
defensivness
stonewalling
Term
demand/withdraw interaction pattern
Definition
common situation in which one partner is nagging, citical and insistent about discussing relationship probs while the other is withdrawn, silent and defensive
Term
neg. attriubtional traps
Definition
explaning partnerts behaivour in neg. ways
Term
how to manage conflict in relationships
Definition
see others point of view
appologize
Term
crituqies of ev. perspective
Definition
"double shot" hypoth
- if with men, assume emot with sex, women assume sex with emot.
- recall acutal indecntis of emotinoal infiend (both men and women)
- mostly used uni students
Term
social lonliness
Definition
lack presence of close others and social networks
Term
emotional lonliness
Definition
ack of romantic partner
Term
waht three things lead to lonliness
Definition
poor social skills
neg. self views
neg expectation
Term
what varries for in senctance " whats beautiful is good" across cultures?
Definition
the "good"
ie dominant vrs. caring
Term
do collect or indiid sterotype more based on phsyical attract?
Definition
indivd more.
Term
for mariage, is love more importnat in invid or collect?
Definition
individ
Term
which type of marriage is most comon around the world?
Definition
arange marriagnes
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