Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PSY 494
Ethology
19
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/15/2009

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Kinesis
Definition
movement that is non-directed, but rate of movement and/or turning depends on stimulus strength.
Term
What is an example of kinesis?
Definition

Woodlice and Humidity Gradient:

 

woodlice are most active in dry areas so they scramble at random until they encounter humidity, whereby they then slow down and "congregate"

Term
Taxis
Definition
movement directed towards or away from a stimulus
Term
Phototaxis
Definition

Positive phototaxis: moves toward light

 

Negative phototaxis:  moves away from light

Term
Phonotaxis
Definition
move towards or away from sound
Term
Give an example of negative phototaxis.
Definition

House fly maggots:

 

Maggot moves into a dark place when it is time to pupate by moving its head from side to side and sampling the light intensity on its light receptor.  If light is brighter on one side, it moves to the other.

Term
What are 4 types of orientation?
Definition

  1. Kinesis
  2. Taxis
  3. Compass direction
  4. Navigation

Term
What are the 3 subcategories of Navigation?
Definition

  1. Dead reckoning
  2. Piloting
  3. 'True' navigation

Term
Compass direction
Definition

movement that maintains a specific angle to a stimulus or to a compass direction

 

e.g. sun-compass, stellar-compass, magnetic-compass

Term
Navigation
Definition
movement towards a specific goal location
Term
'Dead reckoning'
Definition

Form of Navigation

 

use distance and direction of outward journey to compute direct return journey

Term
Give an example of 'dead reckoning'.
Definition

Sahara Desert Ant:

 

Wanders far from nest in search of food then uses dead reckoning to get back to nest (gets close, then uses landmarks to get the rest of the way).

 

Ant knows its position relative to its nest by taking into account each turn and the distance traveled on each leg of its outward trip.

Term
Piloting
Definition

ability to find a goal by referring to familiar landmarks

 

 

 

calculate goal direction with respect to familiar landmarks, or follow a 'line' such as a river or coastline

Term
'True' Navigation
Definition

goal-directed movement, with compensation for displacement

 

not dependent on landmarks

 

use of 'map' (mental?) and 'compass'

Term
What evidence is there for the Time-Compensated Sun Compass
Definition

Gustav Kramer's:

 

Sun-compass in starlings showing migratory restlessness

 

 

Term
Migratory Restlessness
Definition
Birds become restless during normal migration season and correspond most activities to the side of the cage they would be flying if they were free to migrate
Term
What was the purpose and result of the mirror in Kramer's sun-compass experiment?
Definition
The sun was blocked from view and a mirror was used to change the apparent position of the sun.  The birds reoriented according to the direction of the 'new sun'.
Term
What was the purpose and results of the stationary artificial light in Kramer's study with starlings?
Definition
Showed that the starlings compensated for the sun's apparent movement (about 15° per hour) so must possess a biological clock for such a thing
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