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PSY 357 exam 2
Terms
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
10/21/2008

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Term
Codability
Definition
The ease with which a concept can be described.
Term
Amplitude
Definition
The height of a wave from its highest to its lowest point.
Term
Alphabetic System
Definition
a writing system in which the characters correspond, approximately, to the phonemes of the language.
Term
Assembled Route
Definition
Referring to the hypothesis that we access the meaning of a written word by first processing the sound of the word.
Term
Categorical Perception
Definition
the phenomenon whereby listeners are much better able to discriminate between 2 sounds in different phonemic categories than b/w 2 sounds in the same category.
Term
Coarticulation
Definition
the influence on a given sound by an adjacent sound. This occurs because the motor movements that produce each phoneme are overlapping.
Term
Connectionist model of word recognition
Definition
depicts the lexicon as an interactive network of connections among different layers of processing.
Term
Framing Effect
Definition
the tendency for ppl to choose different alternatives depending on how the alternatives are worded.
Term
Frequency
Definition
the number of times a wave cycles from peak to valley and back in a given time.
Term
Deep orthography
Definition
an alphabetic writing system in which there is relatively little correspondence b/w spelling and pronunciation
Term
Dual-route model
Definition
the idea that visual word recognition can be accomplished in either of 2 ways: direct route or assembled route.
Term
Dyslexia
Definition
severe impairment of the ability to recognize words.
Term
Garden-path sentences
Definition
a sentence that initially leads to an incorrect parsing or an incorrect interpretation of its meaning.
Term
Homographs
Definition
words in which the same spelling pattern is associated w/ multiple meanings (bug... insect, or bug... listening device)
Term
immediacy of interpretation
Definition
referring to the hypothesis that, as each word in a sentence is received, it is integrated as fully as possible into the developing sentence interpretation.
Term
indirect speech act
Definition
an utterance that makes a command or otherwise performs some action thru its nonliteral interpretation. ("Do you have the time?")
Term
linguistic determinism
Definition
the idea that we can think only in terms of concepts for which there are words in our language. Thus language is how we think.
Term
linguistic relativity
Definition
referring to the idea that cross-cultural variations in cognition are associated w/ different languages.
Term
lack of invariance
Definition
in speech perception, the problem of identifying phonemic cues that do not change with context.
Term
Logographic system
Definition
a writing system in which the characters correspond to words or morphemes
Term
McGurk Effect
Definition
the phenomenon whereby a percept is based on a combination of sight and sound when the listener hears one sound being produced but simultaneously sees a different sound being produced
Term
Motor theory
Definition
the proposal that we perceive speech by relating the sound produced to the articulatory movements or commands that would be needed to produce the sound.
Term
Neighborhood effect
Definition
the influence of similar-sounding or similar-looking words on the recognition of a particular word
Term
Polysemous
Definition
having more than one meaning.
Term
Phonemic restoration effect
Definition
the illusion that a phoneme deleted from a stream of speech is actually present
Term
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Definition
the idea that language and thought are highly related, even to the point that language differences cause differences among cultures in ways of thinking.
Term
Segmentation Problem
Definition
In speech perception, the problem posed by the lack of clear separations between spoken words.
Term
Shallow orthography
Definition
an alphabetic writing system in which there is a relatively close correspondence b/w spelling and pronunciation
Term
Zipf's law
Definition
the tendency for the most frequent words to be shorter words
Term
Variables that influence word recognition
Definition
frequency, neighborhood, context, and word superiority effect
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