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psy 201 exam 1 review
WOU psy 201
45
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2012

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Term
Structuralism
Definition
This early "school" of thought in psychology attempted to examine the basic elements of consciousness and how these elements are related
Term
Sampling bias
Definition
A _____ occurs when the sample of a study is not representative of the population under study
Term
Neurons
Definition
In the nervous system, which cells receive, integrate, and transmit information?
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
This Austrian physician established the concept of the unconscious and psychoanalytic theory
Term
Introspection
Definition
Method for examining the structure of consciousness involved systematically observing one's own conscious experiences
Term
Homozygous; Heterozygous
Definition
When two genes pair are the same, it is called a ________ gene pair. When they are different, it is called a _____ gene pair
Term
Inferential statistics
Definition
type of statistics uses the laws of probability to interpret and draw conclusions from data
Term
Statistically significant
Definition
In experimental research, when the probability that an observed effect is due to chance factors is very low (usually 5 out of 100), researchers call the effect ____
Term
Strongest association
Definition
a. .1 b -.79 c .53 d -.01

b
Term
Placebo
Definition
The ____ effect is observed when participant expectations, rather than the actual treatment, influence the results of the study
Term
William James
Definition
Considered by most to be the "father of American Psychology"
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
Term
Peripheral nervous system
Definition
Branch of the nervous system involves all the nerves that lie outside of the brain and spinal cord
Term
Norepinephrine, Serotonin, Dopamine
Definition
Part of the monoamine family
Term
Theory
Definition
A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Term
Measurement, description, understanding, prediction, application, and control
Definition
Main goals of science
Term
Study design
Definition
A ___ is how a researcher clarifies precisely and specifically what is meant by any variable in his/her study
Term
Endorphins
Definition
Internal chemicals that resemble opiates in structure and effect and serve pain management functions are called...
Term
Autonomic nervous system
Definition
Branch of the peripheral nervous system connects to organ systems and controls involuntary functions
Term
Humanism
Definition
Area of psychology emphasizes the unique qualities of people, especially free will and potential for growth
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
Condition or event that an experimenter manipulates in order to see its impact on another variable is called the...
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
Variable that is thought to be affected by another variable is called the...
Term
Psychoanalytic Theory
Definition
Theory attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on the unconscious determinants of behavior
Term
Within-subjects design
Definition
Design with same grp of students for control and variable grp
Term
Factorial
Definition
Type of design allows the examination of interactions among independent variables
Term
naturalistic observation, survey/interview procedures, case studies
Definition
Type of descriptive/correlation research
Term
Statistics
Definition
Researchers use ____ to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data
Term
Mean, Median, Mode
Definition
Measure of Central Tendency
Term
Dendrites; axon
Definition
In a typical neuron, ___ receive information from other neurons, while the ___ transmits information to other neurons
Term
Functionalism
Definition
This early "school" of thought, led by William James, focused on the purpose of consciousness
Term
Variability
Definition
Type of descriptive statistic indicates whether two variables are associated
Term
Evolutionary Psychology
Definition
Area of psychology examines behavior in terms of its adaptive value for members of a species
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
Lobe of the brain houses the primary visual cortex
Term
Genotype; phenotype
Definition
A person's ___ is their genetic makeup, whereas their ____ is how a person's genetic makeup manifests in observable characteristics and behavior
Term
Adoption studies, family studies, twin studies
Definition
Method behavioral genetics uses to assess the heritability of a particular trait
Term
Wilhelm Wundt
Definition
The first person to propose that psychology became an independent discipline and established the first psychology research lab in Germany
Term
Action potential
Definition
Describes a shift in the electrical charge in the interior of a neuron that travels along the axon
Term
Developmental
Social
Experimental
Physiological
cognitive
personality
psychometric
educational
health
Definition
major research areas within psychology
Term
Agonist
Definition
A chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
Term
Antagonist
Definition
A chemical that opposes the action of a neurotransmitter
Term
Correlation
Definition
Term refers to how much scores in a data set vary from each other and the mean
Term
Sample
Definition
the collection of subjects selected for observation in a study
Term
Population
Definition
the much larger group that researchers want to generalize about
Term
Synapse
Definition
Area where two neurons (neuronal junction)
Term
Gila
Definition
In the nervous system, cells provide various types of support, including structural support and myelination of axons
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