Poor health is best described as a:

Stressor
-
In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses?
Emotional
-
A student who turns pale and feels nauseated when called on to speak in class is experiencing a(n) ______ response to stress.
Physical
-

The part of the body that releases hormones into the bloodstream is the ______ system.

Endocrine
-

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

Sympathetic Nervous System
-
Imagine that you just had a “close call” while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?
parasympathetic nervous system
-

The flight-or-fight system is controlled first by the:

sympathetic nervous system.
-

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the:

adrenal.
-
Which of the following accurately describes the sympathetic nervous system pathway of the stress response?
The hypothalamus excites the sympathetic nervous system which excites body organs to release hormones that serve as neurotransmitters, producing even more arousal.
-
I am generally a calm, relaxed person. If you are generally a tense, excitable person, we differ in:
trait anxiety.
-
Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying reactions represent differences in:
state anxiety.
-
Posttraumatic stress disorders:
last longer than a month.
-
A pattern of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that begins shortly after a horrible event and persists for less than a month is called:
acute stress disorder.
-
Which of the following is the best example of “reduce responsiveness” as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?
feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities
-
Which of the following does not characterize stress disorders?
a compulsive need to engage in activities that remind one of the event
-
Which of the following is the most common experience for a veteran of the Iraq/Afghanistan wars?
seeing friends seriously wounded or killed
-

What proportion of women are the victims of rape at some point during their lives?

1/6
-
A torture victim who is subjected to threats of death, mock executions, and degradation is experiencing what type of torture?
psychological
-
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between biology and stress?
Arousal generated by trauma leads to stress disorders, which may produce more brain changes.
-
A combat veteran undergoing “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” is experiencing which general form of therapy?
exposure therapy
-
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. She appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The diagnosis would be:
conversion disorder.
-

Conversion disorders most often appear in:

adolescence.
-
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over a period of time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be:
somatization disorder.
-

The heart patient complained of adhesions from the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The best diagnosis for this disorder is:

pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
-
Which of the following is likely to be useful in distinguishing hysterical somatoform disorders from true medical problems?
the failure of a condition to develop as expected
-
Which of the following is an example of malingering?
intentionally faking a tic in order to avoid military service
-

A person appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. When examined further, it was found that the person was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. This person is most likely experiencing:

a factitious disorder.
-

Someone who has Munchausen syndrome, also by definition, has:

a factitious disorder.
-
Which of the following is a primary characteristic of an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy?
emotionally needy
-
If a person were experiencing numerous physical complaints, visiting doctors frequently, and expressed great concern about normal bodily symptoms, one would most likely suspect:
hypochondriasis.
-
People who become preoccupied with some imagined or exaggerated defect in their appearance suffer from a:

body dysmorphic disorder.

-
Dysmorphophobia is a somatoform disorder characterized by:
preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in appearance.
-

The chief criticism of the behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:

they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.
-
A cognitive theorist would be most likely to say which of the following about hysterical disorders?
The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
-
Albert had finally had enough of his inability to walk, and he went to a psychologist who told him there was nothing medically wrong. This therapy was based on:
confrontation.
-
Dissociative disorders:
involve major changes in memory
-
In the most common type of dissociative amnesia, a person loses memory for:
all events beginning with the trauma but within a limited period of time.
-

Dissociative fugue states affect ______ memory but not ______ memory.

episodic; semantic
-
Someone who is experiencing “doubling” is:
feeling like his or her mind is floating above him or her.
-

Research suggests that which of the following people would be most immune to developing a stress disorder following trauma?

someone who believes that events are generally under his or her control
-

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which people have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

mania.
-

The key emotions in mood disorders are:

sadness and euphoria.
-
Which of the following is the least common form of a mood disorder?
full manic episodes with no depressive episodes
-

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?

experiences of sadness and anger
-

Which of the following would be a motivational symptom of depression?

lack of desire to eat
-

The experience of a lack of desire to engage in sexual activity with one's spouse would be considered a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

motivational
-

Having frequent headaches is a(n) ______ symptom of depression.

physical
-
To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:
two weeks.
-

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Maria has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, but this has been going on for several weeks. With what type of major depression would she most likely be diagnosed?

postpartum
-
If a biochemical imbalance were the cause of a person's depression, the latest research would lead us to expect that person to have:
an abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine.
-

According to Freudian theory, depression results in part from:

regression to the oral stage.
-
Which of the following people is showing introjection?
a person who directs feelings of grief for a lost loved one toward himself
-

Seasonal affective disorder is thought to be due to:

increased levels of melatonin.
-
Behaviorists explain the downward spiral of depression by theorizing that:
depressed behavior leads to even fewer opportunities for social rewards.
-

Cognitive theorists explain depression in terms of a person's:

negative interpretation of events.
-
Which of the following is not true of the correlation between marital status and depression?
Depression is about as common among those who are widowed as those who are separated or divorced.
-
People experiencing mania:
want excitement and companionship.
-
The difference between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is
the severity of the manic episodes.
-

A 12-year-old middle-school European-American girl from a middle-class socioeconomic background has been diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Which of her characteristics is most unusual for those with bipolar I disorder diagnosis?

her age
-

In the “permissive theory” of mood disorders, low ______ activity opens the door to a mood disorder and permits other neurotransmitters to define the form of the disorder.

serotonin
-

Which of the following are people most likely to do to improve their mood?

talk to friends/family
-
A therapist using free association and dream interpretation discovers that as a small child her patient had been left alone by her mother on several occasions, and concludes that the patient is experiencing unipolar depression. The therapist is most likely from which orientation?
psychodynamic
-
Which statement about the treatment of mood disorders is the least accurate?
Research shows that psychodynamic therapy is highly effective in treating mood disorders.
-

From whom are depressed people most likely first to seek help?

physicians
-

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive actions, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

behavioral therapy.
-

Which of the following is a correct match of person and approach?

Beck and cognitive therapy
-
In cognitive behavior therapy, the process of altering or challenging primary attitudes is similar to:
conducting an experiment.
-

Typically, people who are in the loss and separation stage of grief:

dream that the person is still alive or “see” the person.
-
Which of the following is the best example of interpersonal role transition?
going away to college for the first time
-

A person who displays extreme shyness and insensitivity to others is showing signs of:

interpersonal deficits.
-
About what percentage of people receiving treatment for depression are in dysfunctional relationships?
50%
-
Today, electroconvulsive therapy:
also involves the use of muscle relaxants.
-

Which patient group was the first treated with ECT?

psychotic patients
-

If you had high blood pressure, you would want to be especially careful when using:

MAO inhibitors.
-
Apparently tricyclics work by:
blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
-

Psychodynamic therapy is to loss as interpersonal therapy is to:

social problems.
-
Of the following, the treatment that is the most effective with different types of depression is:
cognitive therapy.
-

The major present-day indication for the use of ECT as a treatment for depression is:

when a severely depressed patient does not respond to other therapies.
-

There has been a significant increase in the number of physicians prescribing antidepressants in the past few decades:

despite the success of cognitive therapy.
-

The result of “publication bias” with respect to antidepressant medication is that consumers will think antidepressant medication is:

more effective than it actually is.
-

About how many deaths occur by suicide each year around the world?

700,000
-
What is a parasuicide?
a failed attempt to commit suicide
-
Ignoring fatigue, a driver finally falls asleep at the wheel, crashes, and dies. The driver's death would most accurately be described as:
self-inflicted but not suicide.
-
In his definition of suicide, Schneidman includes all of the following factors except that it:
results from depression or emotional distress.
-

What is the critical way in which the death seeker differs from the death darer, according to Shneidman? Death seekers:

intend to end their lives with their action.
-
Bobby plays chicken by aiming his car at a bridge abutment, then veering off at the last second. Bobby is an example of what Shneidman refers to as a:
death darer
-
What is the critical way in which death initiators differ from other categories, according to Shneidman?

They believe they are merely speeding up an ongoing process.

-
Retrospective analysis involves:
gathering information about a suicide victim's past.
-

At the time of the suicide, a suicide victim was receiving psychotherapy, and left a clear suicide note. This suicide victim is:

the least common kind; about half of suicide victims have never received psychotherapy, and do not leave a suicide note.

-

Which of the following statements is most accurate about the relationship between religion and suicide?

The degree of one's devoutness is a more important predictor of suicide than one's specific religion.
-

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with suicide risk?

being an atheist versus being devout

-

What is the cause of death in the majority of male suicides in the United States?

use of firearms
-
Commonly observed triggers for suicide include all of the following except:
being in therapy.
-

Which of the following is true regarding war veterans' risk of suicide once they return home?

War vets are about twice as likely to commit suicide as similar nonveterans.
-
All of the following are examples of immediate stress except:

serious illness

-

Which of the following people would be at greatest risk of suicide?

someone who had been in poor health for years and is now terminal
-
A person who sees life in “right or wrong” “all or none” terms is engaging in:
dichotomous thinking.
-

An increase in which emotion is most often linked to suicide?

Guilt or Sadness
-

Who of the following is most at risk for suicide?

someone who is depressed and dependent on alcohol
-

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia are in response to:

feelings of demoralization.
-
What kind of theory is Durkheim's theory of suicide?
sociocultural
-

Altruistic suicide is most likely to occur in a country that:

honors those who kill themselves for a higher good.
-
Biological researchers have found a link between suicide and:
low levels of serotonin.
-
The “typical” child who commits suicide is a:
boy who understands what death really is.
-

Which of the following is true?

None of these statements are true.
-
A developing body of research shows that antidepressant use in children and adolescents:
increases suicide risk for some individuals, but decreases the overall suicide risk.
-
Most theories which seek to explain why the rate of teenage suicide is increasing focus on:
social changes.
-

Treatment for suicide attempters:

typically involves medical and psychological care.
-
A typical caller to an urban suicide prevention center is:
young, female, African American.
-
The most helpful explanation for suicide, particularly regarding the general background factors and triggers of suicides, comes from the ______ perspective.

sociocultural