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| What bones make up the shoulder girdle? |
| scapula, clavicle and sternum |
| What is the first bone to begin to ossify and the last bone to complete ossification? |
| Clavicle |
| At what age does the clavicle begin to ossify? |
| 5-7 weeks |
| At what age does the clavicle end ossification? |
| 21 years |
| What two bones does the clavicle articulate with? |
| sternum medially and acromion laterally |
| What is the purpose of the clavicle? |
| to transmit shock from the axial skeleton |
| What makes the clavicle unique? |
| It ossifies within cartilage, it has medial and lateral extemities and has no marrow or medullary cavity. |
| What does the clavicle consist of? |
| spongy bone with a shell of compact bone |
| What attaches to the clavicle? |
| sternoclavicular, interclavicular, costoclavicular, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular |
| What does the anterior border of the lateral one third of the shaft give rise to? |
| origin of the deltiod |
| What does the posterior border of the lateral one third of the shaft give rise to? |
| insertion to the trapezius |
| What do the conoid tubercle and the trapezius ridge give attachment to? |
| coracoclavicular ligament |
| The anterior surface of the medial two thirds of the shaft gives origin to what? |
| Pectoralis major |
| the rough superior surface of the medial two thirds of the shaft gives origin to what? |
| the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid. |
| The oval impression on the inferior surface at the medial end of the clavicle gives attachment to what? |
| costoclavicular ligament |
| The subclavian groove gives insertion to what muscle? |
| subclavian |
| The scapula does not participate in the formation of what? |
| thoracic cage |
| How many surfaces are on the scapule? name them? |
| 2, dorsal and ventral |
| How many notches are on the scapula and what are they called? |
| 2, superior scapular and spinoglenoid |
| How many borders does the scapula have and what are they? |
| 3- superior, medial, lateral |
| How many angles does the scapula have and what are they? |
| 3-superior,medial, lateral |
| How many processes does the scapula have and what are they? |
| 3- spine, acromion, coracoid |
| How many fossa does the scapula have and what are they? |
| 3- supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapula |
| How many articulations does the scapula have and what are they? |
| 3- acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral |
| What are the ligaments that attach to the scapula? |
| acroioclavicular, coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, superior transverse scapular, spinoglenoid (inferior transverse scapular), and costocoracoid (part of the clavipectoral fascia) |
| How many muscles attach to the scapula? |
| 18 |
| What muscles attach to the superior angle of the scapula? |
| Levator Scapulae |
| What muscles attach to the inferior angle of the scapula? |
| Teres minor, Latissimus dorsi |
| What muscles attach to the medial border of the scapula? |
| rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior |
| What muscles attach to the supraspinous fossa of the scapula? |
| supraspinatous |
| What muscles attach to the infraspinous fossa of the scapula? |
| infraspinatous, teres major |
| What muscles attach to the subscapular fossa of the scapula? |
| subscapularis |
| What muscles attach to the inferior spine of scapula? |
| deltoid |
| What muscles attach to the superior glenoid tubercle of scapula? |
| long head of biceps |
| What muscles attach to inferior glenoid tubercle of scapula? |
| long head of triceps |
| What muscles attach to the coracoid process? |
| short head of biceps, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis minor |
| What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major? |
|
Origin-anterior surface of clavicle (anterior surface of medial two thirds of shaft of clavicle) Insertion- lateral lip of bicipital groove |
| What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor? |
|
Origin-upper margins and outer surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs Insertion-medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process |
| What are the origin and insertion of the deltoid? |
|
Origin-Anterior fibers: from the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral clavicle. Middle fibers: from the lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion Posterior fibers: from the lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula, as far back as the triangular surface at its medial end. Insertion-deltoid tuberosity on the lateral shaft of the humerous |
| How many origins does the deltoid have? |
| 3-anterior, middle, and posterior. |
| Where does the anterior deltoid originate? |
| anterior border and upper surface of the lateral clavicle. |
| Where does the middle deltoid originate? |
| lateral margin and upper surface of the acromion |
| Where does the posterior origin for the deltoid? |
| ower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula |
| Where does the latissimus dorsi originate? |
| spinous processes of thoracic T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula |
| Where does the latissimus dorsi insert? |
| floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus |
| Where does the levator scapulae originate and insert? |
|
Origin-Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion - Superior part of medial border of scapula |
| Where does the Teres Minor originate and insert? |
|
Origin- lateral border of the scapula Insertion- inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus |
| Where does the teres major originate and insert? |
|
Origin- posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula Insertion- medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus |
| Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert? |
|
Origin- nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7 to T1 vertebrae Insertion- medial border of the scapula, superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle |
| Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert? |
|
Origin- spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae Insertion- medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle |
| Where does the trapezius originate and insert? |
|
Origin- external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12 Insertion- lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula |
| Where does the long head of biceps insert? |
| insertion- radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm |
| What two muscles originate in the coracoid process? |
| short head of biceps and coracobrachialis |
| What are the origin and insertion of the infraspinatous? |
|
Origin- infraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion- middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus |
| What are the origin and insertion of the supraspinatous? |
|
Origin- supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion- superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus |
| What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis? |
|
Origin- subscapular fossa Insertion- lesser tubercle of humerus |
| What bursa are associated with the scapula? |
| subscapular and subacromial |
| The subscapular bursae communicates with shoulder joint/ subdeltoid bursae? |
| shoulder joint |
| The subacromial bursae communicates with the shoulder joint/subdeltoid bursae? |
|
subdeltoid bursae |
| What ligament deepens the articular cavity of glenohumeral joint and protects the edges of the bone? |
| glenoidal labrum (glenoid ligament) |
| What is the longest and largest bone of the upper limb? |
| humerus |
| What are the three parts of the humerus? |
| upper, shaft, lower |
| What does the anatomical neck of the humerus join? |
| margin of articular surface of the head |
| What does the anatomical neck give attachement to? |
| capsular ligament of the shoulder joint, except at the intertubercular sulcus where the long head of the tendon of the biceps emerges |
| Where is the surgical neck of the humerus? |
| just below the tubercles |
| What two important structures lie medial to the surgical neck? |
| axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery |
| What are the contents of the intertubercular sulcus? |
|
long head of the biceps brachii tendon, synovial sheath of the biceps, ascending branch of the anterior circumflex humeral artery 1. long head of biceps brachii tendon 2. synovial sheath of biceps 3. circumflex humeral artery |
| What muscles (3 muscles, one ligament) attach to the greater tuberosity? |
|
supraspinatus (superior part) infraspinatus (medial part) teres minor (inferior part) transverse ligament of the shoulder joint is attached to the medial margin. |
| What muscles (1 muscle, 1 ligament) attach to the lesser tubercle? |
|
subscapularis transverse ligament of the shoulder joint |
| What muscles attach to the intertubercular sulucus? |
|
pec major- lateral lip latissimus dorsi- floor teres major- medial lip |
| What muscles attach to the anterior surface of the humerus? |
|
coracobrachialis- below the midpoint of the medial border. deltoid- above the midpoint of lateral border brachialis arises from the anterolateral and anteromedial surface of the lower half of the shaft of the humerus. |
| What muscles attach to the posterior surface of the humerus? |
|
1. Lateral head of triceps brachii- arises from oblique ridge 2. medial head of triceps brachii arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula |
| What arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula? |
| long head of triceps brachii |
| Where does the medial head of the triceps brachii arise from? |
| area below the radial groove |
| What two fossa on the anterior side of the distal end of the humerus are for what? |
| radius and coronoid process |
| What is the fossa at the posterior distal end of the humerus for? |
| olecranon of the ulna |
| The medial epicondyle of the humerus is grooved for what? |
| ulnar nerve |
| What are the neurovascular bundles associated with the upper limbs? |
|
axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery radian nerve and profunda brachii median nerve and brachial artery ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery musculocutaneous |
| The shoulder joint is composed of what three bones |
| clavicle, scapula, humerus |
| What two joints facilitate shoulder movement? |
| acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral joint |
| The shoulder is the most moveable joint in the body, this also makes it the most stable/unstable? |
| unstable |
| Why is the shoulder joint easily subject to injury? |
| the ball of the humerus is larger than the shoulder socket that holds it. |