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Behavior Questions |
Operant conditioning was mainly developed by B. F. Skinner.
|
t |
Behavior therapists look to current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental contingencies.
|
t |
The emphasis of contemporary behavior therapy is on evidence-based treatments.
|
t |
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is based on helping clients control or change unpleasan sensations and thoughts |
f |
Behavioral techniques can be effectively incorporated into a group counseling format. |
t |
Typically, the goals of the therapeutic process are determined by the therapist. |
f |
Behavior therapists tend to be active and directive, and they function as consultants and problem solvers |
t |
Multimodal therapy consists of a series of techniques that are used with all clients in much the same way. |
f |
There is a growing trend toward integrating cognitive and behavioral methods to help clients manage their own problems. |
t |
A program of behavioral change should begin with a comprehensive assessment of the client. |
t |
Behavior therapy is grounded on a. the psychodynamic aspects of a person. b. the principles of learning. c. a philosophical view of the human condition. d. the events of the first 5 years of life. |
b |
Mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches a. have received empirical support as an effective form of therapy. b. have no legitimate place in behavior therapy. c. have no research evidence to support the value of the techniques used. d. are a pafi of traditional behavior therapy. e. have not yet been accepted into the behavioral tradition. |
a |
In behavior therapy it is generally agreed that a. the therapist should decide the treatment goals. b. the client should decide the treatment goals. c. goals of therapy are the same for all clients. d. goals are not necessary. |
b |
Which is not true as it is applied to behavior therapy? a. Insight is necessary for behavior change to occur. b. Therapy should focus on behavior change and not attitude change. c. Therapy is not complete unless actions follow verbalizations. d. A good working relationship between client and therapist is necessary for behavior change to occur. |
a |
According to most behavior therapists, a good working relationship between client and therapist is a. a necessary and sufficient condition for behavior change to occur. b. a necessary but not sufficient, condition for behavior change to occur. c. neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for behavior change to occur. |
b |
Applied behavior analysis makes use of a. classical conditioning techniques. b. operant cdnditioning techniques. c. cognitive behavioral techniques. d. all of the above. e. none ofthe above. |
b |
Which of the following is not akey concept of behavior therapy? a. Behavior is learned through reinforcement. b. Present behavior is stressed more than past behavior. c. Emphasis is on evidence-based treatment procedures. d. Emphasis is on action and experimenting with new behaviors. e. Emphasis is.on the role of insight in treatment. |
e |
Dialectical behavior therapy a. has no empirical support for its validity. b. is a promising blend of behavioral and psychoanalytic techniques. c. is a long-term therapy lor treating depression. d. is a form of operant conditioning. e. is a forrn of classical conditioning. |
b |
Which is not true of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)? a. DBT was formulated for treating borderline personality disorders. b. DBT emphasizes the importance of the client-therapist relatiorship c. DBT incorporates mindfulness training and Zen Practices d. DBT is a blend of Adlerian concepts and behavioral techniques e. DBT relies on empirical data to support its effectiveness
|
d |
An exposure-based procedure that involves imaginal f,looding, cognitive restructuring, and the induction of rapid, rhYthmic eye movements aimed at treatment of traumatic experiences is called a. flooding. b. in vivo desensitization. c. systematic desensitization. d. relaxation training. e. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
|
e |
Prolonged/intense exposure-either in real life or in imagination-to highly anxiety-evoking stimuli is called a. self-management training' b. in vivo desensitization. c. systematic desensitization' d. flooding. e. eye movement desensitization and reProcessing. |
d |
A limitation of traditional behavior theraPY is its a. lack of research to evaluate the effectiveness of techniques' b. de-emPhasis on the role of feelings in theraPY' c. laik of clear concePts on which to base Practice. d. disregard for the client-therapist relationshiP. e. overemphasis on early bhildhood experiences. |
b |
Contemporary behavior therapy places emPhasis on
a.the interplaY between the individual and the environment. b.heling clients acquire insight into the causes of their Problems' c. a phenomenological aPProach to understanding the Person' d. encouraging clients to reexperience unfinished business with significant others by role-playing with them in the Present. e. working through the transference relationshiP with the theraPist'
|
a |
Which is not true as it applies to multimodal theraPY? a. Therapeutic flexibility and versatility are valued highlY' b. TheraPists adjust their Procedures to effectivelY achieve the client's goals in theraPY' c. Great care is taken to fit the client to a Predetermined tYPe of treatment. d. The aPProach encourages technical eclecticism. e. The theraPist makes a comprehensive assessment of the client's level of functioning at the outset of theraPY. |
c |
Which of the following'isrntconsidered one of the basic characteristics of contemPorary behavior theraPY?
a. Experimentally derived principles of iearning a6e systematica[y applied to helP PeoPle change their maladaPtive behaviors. b. Emphasis is on using evidencebased treatment interventions' c. The focus is on assessing overt and covert behavior directlY, identifuing the Problem, and evaluating change. d. The theraPY is an exPeriential and insight-oriented aPProach' e. There is an atternPt to develoP culture-sPecific Procedures and obtain clients'adherence and cooPeration in a treatment Program'
|
d |
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
REBT makes use of both cognitive and behavioral techniques, but it does not use emotive techniques. |
f |
REBT stresses the importance of the therapist demonstrating unconditional positive regard for the client. |
t |
Cognitive therapy for depression was developed by Meichenbaum. |
f |
REBT is,a form of cognitive behavior therapy. |
t |
Ellis shares Rogers's view of the client-therapist relationship as a condition for change to occur within clients. |
f |
Beck developed a procedure known as stress-inoculation training. |
f |
According to Ellis, to feel worthwhile, human beings need love and acceptance from s ign ifican t others.
|
f |
Ellis maintains that events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is our evaluation of and beliefs about these events that cause our problems. |
t |
A difference between Beck's cognitive therapy and Ellis's REBT is that Beck places more emphasis on helping clients discover their misconceptions for themselves than does Ellis. |
t |
According to Beck, people become disturbed when they label and evaluate themselves by a set of rules that are unrealistic. |
t |
Rational emotive behavior therapy stresses a. support, understanding, warmth, and empathy. b. awareness, unfinished business, impasse, and experiencing. c. thinking, judging, analyzing, and doing. d. subjectivity, existential anxiety, self-actualization, and being. e. transference, dream analysis, uncovering the unconscious, and early experiences. |
c |
REBT is based on the philosophical assumption that human beings are a. innately striving for selfactualization. b. determined by strong unconscious sexual and aggressive forces. c. potentially able to think rationally but have a tendency toward irrational thinking. d. trying to deyelop a lifestyle to overcome feelings of basic inferiority.
e. determined strictly by environmental conditioning.
|
c |
REBT stresses that human beings a. think, emote, and behave simultaneously. b think without emoting. c. emote without thinking. d. behave without emoting or thinking. |
a |
REBT views neurosis as the result of a. inadequate mothering during infancy. b. failure to fulfill our existential needs. c. excessive feelings. d. irrational thinking and behaving. |
d |
In cognitive behavioral group therapy a. there is some research thal shows that this approach is effective for treating a wide range of emotional and behavioral problems. b. the group leader assumes a blank screen demeanor so as to enhance transferehe'e feelings of the members. c the assumption is that a therapeutic atmosphere is both necessary and sufficient for change to occur, d. the group leader believes that using techniques interferes with the group process. e. the emphasis is on having members identifii and express feelings. |
a |
REBT contends that people a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone. b. need to be accepted by most people. c. will become emotionally sick if they are rejected. d. do not need to be accepted and loved. e. need to be accepted and will become sick if they are rejected. |
d |
According to REBT, we develop emotional disturbances because of a. a traumatic event. b. our beliefs about certain events. c. abandonment by those we depend on for support. d. withdrawal of love and acceptance. |
b |
According to REBI a personal clienttherapist relationship is a. necessary but not sufficient, for change to occur. b. necessary and sufficient for change to occur. c. neither necessary nor sufficient for change to occur. |
c |
In cognitive therapy the assumption is that psychological problems stem from processes such as a. faulty thinking. b. making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate or incorrect information. c. failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality. d. negative automatic thoughts. e. all ofthe above. |
e |
Cognitive therapy is based on the assumption that a. our feelings determine our thoughts. b. our feelings determine our actions. cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act. the best way to change thinking is to reexperience past emotional traumas in the here and now. insight is essential for any type of change to occur. |
c |
In cognitive therapy techniques are designed to a. assist clients in substituting rational beliefs for irrational beliefs. b. help clients experience their feelings more intensely. c. identifiu and test clients'misconceptions and faulty assumptions. d. enable clients to deal with their existential loneliness. e. teach clients how to think only positive thoughts. |
c |
The type of cognitive error that involves thinking and interpreting in all-or-nothing terms or categorizing experiences in either-or extremes is known as a. magnification and exaggeration. b. polarized thinking. c. arbitrary inference.
d. overgeneralization. e. none ofthe above. |
b |
Beck's cognitive therapy differs from Ellis's REBT in that Beck emphasizes a. a Socratic dialogue. b. helping clients discover their misconceptions by themselves. c. working with the client in collaborative ways. d. more structure in the therapeutic process. e. all ofthe above. |
e |
Beck's cognitive therapy has been most widely applied to the treatment of a. stress s\Tnptoms. b. psychosomatic reactions. c. phobias. d. depression. e. cardiovascular disorders. |
d |
In Meichenbaum's self-instructional ther'apy, which of the following is given primary importance? a. detecting and debating irrational thoughts b. the role of inner speech c. learning the A-B-C model of emotional disturbances d. identifying cognitive errors e. exploring feelings that are attached to early decisions |
b |
Choice/ Reality Therapy |
What is important is not the way the real world exists but the way we perceive the world to exist. |
t |
Choice theory is the framework for the practice of reality therapy. |
t |
A good way to change behavior is for us to be self-critical. |
f |
It is important to explore the past as a way to change current behavior. |
f |
One of the therapist's functions is to make judgments about clients' present behavior. |
f |
The focus of reality therapy is on attitudes and feelings. |
f |
The use of contracts is often part of reality therapy |
t |
Reality therapy is grounded on some existential concepts. |
t |
It is the client's responsibility to decide on the goals of therapy. |
t |
Appropriate punishment is an effective way to change behavior. |
f |
The founder of reality therapy is a. Albert Ellis. b. Albert Bandura. c. Joseph Wolpe. d. Robert Wubbolding. e. William Glasser. |
e |
According to this approach, insight a. is necessarybefore behavior change can occur. b. is not necessary for producing behavior change. c. will come only with changed attitudes.
d. can be given to the client by the teachings of the therapist. e. will be discovered bv the client alone. |
b |
The view of human nature underlying reality therapy is a. that we have a need for identity. b. that we have the need to feel loved and to love others. c. that we need to feel worthwhile to ourselves and others. d. all ofthe above. e. none of the above. |
d |
Which is not a key concept of reality therapy? a. focus on the present b. unconscious motivation c. self-evaluations d. involvement as part of the therapy process e. responsibility |
b |
Which of the following is not true of reality therapy? a. Punishment is eliminated. b. Clients must make commitments. c. Therapists do not accept excuses or blaming. d. Therapy is a didactic process. e. Working through the transference relationship is essential for therapy to occur. |
e |
Regarding the goals of reality therapy, a. it is the therapistt responsibility to decide specific goals for clients. b. it is the client's responsibility to decide goals. c. the goals oftherapy should be universal to all clients. d. society must determine the proper goals for all clients. e. both (c) and (d) are true. |
b |
Concerning the role and place of making evaluations in reality therapy, a. it is the therapistt function to make an evaluation concerning the morality of the client's behavior. b. clients should make an evaluation conierning their own behavior. c. value judgments should not be a part of reality therapy. d. therapist evaluations should be made only when clients ask for such feedback. |
b |
Which statement is not true of reality therapy? a. It is based on a personal relationship. b. It focuses on attitude change as a prerequisite for behavior change. c. Planning is essential. d. The focus is on the client's strengths. |
b |
Reality therapy was designed originally for working with a. elementary school children. b. youthful offenders in detention facilities. c. alcoholics. d. drug addicts. e. people with marital conflicts. |
b |
Which of the following would not be used by a reality therapist? a. analysis of the transference relationship b. hypnosis c. the analysis of dreams d. the search for causes of current problems e. all ofthe above |
e |
Which of the following statements is true as it applies to choice theory?
a. Behavior is the result of external forces. b. We are controlled by the events that occur in our lives. c. We can control the behavior of others by learning to actively listen to them, d. We are motivated completely by internal forces, and our behavior is our best attempt to get what we want. e. We can control our feelings more easily than our actions. |
d |
According to Glasser, all of the following are basic psychological needs except for a. competition. b. belonging. c. power. d. freedom. e. fun. |
a |
Choice theory tends to focus on a.feeling and physiology. b.doing and thinking. c. coming to a fuller understanding of the past. d. the underlying causes for feeling depressed or anxious. e. how the family system controls our decisions. |
b |
Sometimes it si:ems as though people actually choose to be miserable (depressed). Glasser explains the dynamics of depressing asbeingbased on
a. keeping anger under control. b. getting others to help us. c. excusing our unwillingness to do something more effective. d. all ofthe above. . e. none ofthe above. |
d |
All of the following are procedures in reality therapy that are said to lead to change except for
a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions. b. focusing on current behavior. c. the therapist's evaluating of the client's behavior. d. the client's evaluating of his or her own behavior. e. the client's committing to a Plan of action. |
c |
Family Systems |
The trend todav is toward reliance on a single theory of family therapy rather than using an integrative approach. |
f |
The emergence of feminist and post- modern perspectives has moved the field of family theraPY toward more egalitarian, collaborative, and coconstructing relationshiPs. |
t |
Experiential familytherapyrelies on the expert use of directives aimed at changing dysfunctional Patterns. |
f |
A multilensed approach to family therapy is best supported by a collaborative therapist-client relationship. |
t |
Conducting an assessment is one of the phases of the mutilensed Perspective in family therapy. |
t |
Understanding family process is almost always facilitated by "how" questions. |
t |
In terms of assessment, it is useful to inquire about family perspectives on issues inherent in each of the lenses. |
t |
The multilensed process of family therapy is similar to the "blueprints for therapy" as proPosed bY a metaframeworks model. |
t |
The teleological lens is concerned with the study of final causes, goals, endpoints, and purposes. |
t |
Reframing is the art of putting what is known in a new, more useful Perspective. |
t |
Which of the following family therapy models makes the most use o[ genograms, dealing with family-oforigin issues, and detriangulating relationships?
a. Adlerian family therapy
b. Bowenian multigenerational family therapy
c. structural family therapy
d.strategic therapy
e.experiential family therapy |
b |
Which of the following approaches most often employs a co-theraPist model, makes use of self-disclosure, uses the therapist's self as change agent, and frequently uses confrontation? a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. structural family therapy d. strategic therapy e. experiential family therapy |
e |
Which of the following is not akey general movement of the multilensed approach to family systems therapy? a. forming a relationship b. conducting an assessment c. hypothesizing and sharing meaning
d. conducting empirical research to evaluate outcomes e. facilitating change |
d |
Differentiation of the self is the cornerstone of which theory? a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. social constructionism d. strategic therapy e. experiential family therapy |
a |
Which of the following lenses addresses these questions: What goals do you have for yourself and for other people in the family? What purposes do you seem to have for how they behave? a. internal family systems b. the teleological lens c. sequences d. the organization lens e. the developmental lens |
b |
What lens raise,s these kinds of questions: How does a typical day go? Are there processes and patterns that characterize-current or past transitions for the family? What routines support your daily living? a. internal family systems b. the teleological lens c. sequences d. the organization lens e. the developmental lens |
c |
What lens deals with these questions: Are the parents effective leaders of the family? How do the children respond to parental leadership? Is the process of leadership balanced or imbalanced? Does it lead to harmony or conflict? a. internal family systems b. the teleological lens c. sequences d. the organization lens e. the developmental lens |
d |
What lens most addresses these questions: Where is the family in the family life cycle, and how are they handling transitions? What relational processes have been established over time and how have they changed through transitional periods?
a. internal family systems b. the teleological lens c. sequences d. the developmental lens e. the multicultural lens |
d |
What best defines the focus of family therapy? a. Most of the family therapies tend to be brief. b. Family therapy tends to be solution- focused. c. The focus is on here-and-now interactions in the family system. d. Family therapy is generally actionoriented. ' e. all of the above |
e |
Which of the following is not one of the eight lenses of family systems therapy discussed in this chapter? a. the gender lens b. the multicultural lens c. the cognitive behavioral lens d. the process lens e. the developmental lens |
c |
Which of the following roles and functions would be most atypical for a structural family therapist? a. joining the family in a position of leadership b. giving voice to the therapist's own impulses and fantasies c. mapping the underlying structure of a family d. intervening in ways designed to transform an ineffective structure of a family e. being a stage director |
b |
Which of the following is least associated with experiential family therapy?
a. It is an interactive process between a therapist and a family. b. It focuses on the here and now. c. Techniques grow out ofthe spontaneous reactions to the present situation in therapy. d. It stresses the subjective needs of the individual in the family. e. It is the therapist's task to plan a strategy for so|ving the problems of each family member. |
e |
Directives and paradoxical procedures are most likely to be used in which approach to farnily therapy? a. strategic family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. multigenerational family therapy d. experiential family therapy e. structural family therapy |
a |
Which approach to family therapy stresses the importance of returning to one's family of origin to extricate oneself from triangular relationships? a. Bowenian family therapy b. Adlerian family therapy c. structural family therapy d. strategic family therapy e. experiential family therapy |
a |
Which approach to family therapy stresses unlocking mistaken goals, investigating birth order and family constellation, and reeducation?
a. Bowenian family therapy b. structural family therapy c. Adlerian family therapy d. strategic family therapy e. experiential family therapy |
c |