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Principles of Psychopharmacology (Ch4)
pharmacokinetics, drug effectiveness, effects of repeated admin, placebo effects
24
Psychology
Graduate
02/05/2012

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Term
psychopharmacology
Definition
the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior
Term
drug effects
Definition
the changes we observe in an animals physiological process and behavior
Term
sites of action
Definition
location where molecules of drugs interact with molecules located on or in cells of the body to make drug effects
Term
pharacokinetics
Definition
the process by which drugs are absorbed, distrubuted within body, metabolozed and excreted. Some drugs pass quicker into brain and blood then others, when in body, they are metabolozed or broken doen by enzymes. Eventually, all are excreted.
Term
intervenous injection
Definition
injection of substence directly into vein. (immediatly enters bloodstream and reaches brain in a few secs)
Term
intraperitoneal injection
Definition
injection of substance through stomach into peritoneal cavity, space that surrounds stomach, intestines, liver.
Term
intermusclular injection
Definition
injection of substane into muscle
Term
subcutaneous injection
Definition
injection of substance into the space beneath the skin
Term
oral administration
Definition
administration of a substance into the mouth and swallowed
Term
sublingual administration
Definition
administration of sunstance by placing it on toungue, get into ocapillaries that line mouth
Term
intrarectal administration
Definition
admin of drug into rectum
Term
inhalation
Definition
administration of a vaporous substance into the lungs (nicotine, freebase cocaine, marijuana, anesthetics)
Term
topical administration
Definition
administration of substance directly onto skin (nicotine patch, skin creams or ointments)
Term
intracerebral administration
Definition
administration of a substance directly into brain (if drug cant get past blood brain barrier)
Term
intracerebrventricular adninistration
Definition
administration of a substance into one of the cerbral ventricles
Term
what happens once drug is in body?
Definition
drugs vary in how fast they get to site of action in brain through bloodstream. more lipid soluble, the faster they get in brain. (herione faster than morphine cause more lipid soluble). Blood brain barrier only barrier to water soluble molecules. Drugs do not remain in body foreve, Many deactivted by enzymes and all excreted mostly by kidneys. Liver plays big role in deactivating drugs.
Term
dose-response curve
Definition
a graph of the magnitiude of an effect of a drug as a function of the amount of drug administered. Expressed as mg of drug per kg body weight. (pg 93, fig 4.2)
Term
margin of safety
Definition
in dose-response curve, the difference between dose response curve for the drugs therapuetic effects and that for its adverse side effects. Bigger margin of safety, the safer the drug. (pg 93, f ig 4.3)
Term
therapuetic index
Definition
the ratio between the dose that produces the desired effect in 50 percent on the animals and the dose that produces toxic effects in 50 percent of animals. (we want a high index. in toxic dose is 5x higher that effective dose that TI is 5.0).
Term
affinity
Definition
Drugs vary widely in affinity of the drug with its site of action-the readiness with which two moecules join together.Drug with high affinity produce effects at low dosages, those with low affinity produce efffects in high dosages. We want drugs eith a high affinity for sites that produce a therapuetic effect and a low affinity for sites that produce side effects.
Term
tolerance
Definition
a decrease in the effectiveness of a drug that is administered repeatedly (herion, opiods)
Term
sensitization
Definition
an increase in the effecteness of a drug that is administered repeatedly (ex: repeated use of cocaine become more and more likely to produce morevement disorders and convulsions)
Term
withdrawl symptoms
Definition
the appearance of symptoms opposite to those produced by a drug when the drug is administered repeatedly then no longer taken (herion produces euphoria and relaxation, withdrawl produces dysphoria which is anxious misery and agitation).
Term
placebo
Definition
an inert substance that is given in lueu of a physiologically active drug, used experiementally to control for effects of mere administration of drug. Huge placebo effects in many studies. Found actual physiological changes occur by beleif it works, not all in the head
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