Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Principles of Management - Test 1
History, etc.
65
Management
Undergraduate 4
06/08/2011

Additional Management Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Agreeableness

(big 5 personality traits)

Definition

- tend to get along well with others

-managers are likable, affectionate and caring

- low agreeableness maybe distrustful, unsympathetic and uncooperative and antagonistic

Term

Conscientiousness

(Big 5 personality traits)

Definition

-tend to be careful, scrupulous, and perservering

-managers are organized and self-disciplined

-low in conscientiousness lack direction and self-discipline

Term

Openness to Experience

(Big 5 personality traits)

Definition

-tend to be original, have broad interests, be open to a wide range of stimuli, are daring and take risks

- are you a Big T or a little t

(big risk taker vs. conservative employee)

Term

Internal locus of control

(Big 5 personality traits)

Definition

- belief that you are responsible for your own fate

-own actions and behaviors are major and decisive determinants of job outcomes

Term

External locus of control

(Big 5 personality traits)

Definition

-believe that outside forces are responsible for what happens to and around them

-do not think their own actions make much of a difference

Term
Need for Achievement
Definition
- the extent to which an individual has a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and meet personal standard for excellence
Term
Need for Power
Definition

- the extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others

-want to be in charge/the boss

Term
Need for Affiliation
Definition

- the extent to which an individual is concerned about the establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having other people get along

-still going to do tasks well but wants everyone to like each other

Term
Values
Definition
- describe what managers try to achieve through work and how they think they should behave
Term
Attitudes
Definition

- capture what managers thoughts and feelings about their specific jobs and organization

(overall feeling about something - larger)

Term
Moods and Emotions
Definition

-encompasses how managers actually feel when they are managing

(more of a day to day feeling)

Term
Job Satisfaction
Definition

-a collection of feelings and beliefs that managers have about their current jobs

-managers with high job satisfaction have a positive view of their jobs

-tend to increase as you move up in position

Term
Ethics
Definition
-the inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the "right" or appropriate way to behave
Term
Ethical Dilemma
Definition
-a quandary people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person even though doing so might go against their own self-interest
Term
Stakeholders
Definition

-people and groups affected by the way a company and its managers behave are called its stakeholders

-they supply a company with its productive resources

Term
Stockholders
Definition

-want to ensure that managers are behaving ethically and not risking investors capital by engaging in actions that could hurt the company's reputation

-want to maximize their return on investment

Term
Organizational Ethics
Definition

-guiding practices and beliefs through which particular company and its managers view their responsibility toward their stakeholders

-top managers play a crucial role in determining a company's ethics

Term
Individual Ethics
Definition

-personal standards and values that determine how people view their responsibilities to other people and groups

-how they should act in situations when their own self-interest are at stake

-how you act (ex:turning in a shoplifter)

Term
Occupational Ethics
Definition

-standards that govern how members of a profession, trade, or craft should conduct themselves when performing work-related activities

- ex: medical and legal ethics (lawyers, priests)

Term
Societal Ethics
Definition

-standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another in matter involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and the rights of the individual

-people behave ethically because they have internalized certain values, beliefs, and norms

Term
Trust
Definition
-willingness of one person or group to have faith or confidence in the goodwill of another person
Term
Reputation
Definition
-esteem or high repute that individuals or organizations gain when they behave ethically
Term
Ceremonies and Rites
Definition
-formal events that recognize incidents of importance to the organization as a whole and to specific employees
Term
Organizational Socialization
Definition
-process by which newcomers learn an organization's values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively
Term
Utilitarian Rule
Definition

-produces the greatest good and is the best decision for the largest amount of people

-an ethical decision should produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Term
Justice Rule
Definition
-an ethical decision should distribute benefits and harm among people people in a fair, equitable, and impartial manner
Term
Practical Rule
Definition
-an ethical decision should be one that a manager has no hesitation about communicating to people outside the company because the typical person in a society would think the decision is acceptable
Term
Moral Rights Rule
Definition
-an ethical decision should maintain and protect the fundamental rights and privileges of people
Term
Evolution of Management Theory
Definition

S.A.B.M.O.

 

-scientific m.t.

-administrative m.t.

-behavioral m.t.

-management science theory

-organizational environment theory 

Term
Job Specialization
Definition

-a division of labor

-different workers specialize in specific task over time

-increases efficiency

-leads to higher organizational performance

Term
Frederick W. Taylor
Definition

- founded/defined the techniques of scientific management

-which focuses on the study of the relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency

Term

Time and Motion Studies

 

What are they?

Definition

-the systematic investigation and analysis of the motions and the time required to perform a specific operation of task with a view of seeking more efficient methods of production as well as setting time standards

- sometimes would film workers to do this

Term
Who Used Time and Motion Studies?
Definition

Frederick W. Taylor

The Gilbreths

Term

The Gilbreths

 

Definition

-known for time and motion studies

-they would breakup an analyze every individual action necessary to perform a particular task into each of its component of action

-they found better ways to perform

Term
Administration Management Theory
Definition
-the study of how to create an organizational structure that leads to high efficiency and effectiveness
Term
Bureaucracy
Definition
-a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness
Term
What Does A Good Bureaucracy Need?
Definition

1. written rules and standards

2. clearly specified system of tasks

3. clearly specified hierarchy

4. selection/evaluation system that rewards employees

Term
Max Weber
Definition

-wrote the principles of bureaucracy

-had a positive view on it

 

Term

Standard Operation Proceedures

(S.O.P.s)

Definition
-specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a TASK
Term
Rules
Definition
-formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals
Term
Norms
Definition
-unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribes how people should act in particular situations
Term
Hawthorne Studies
Definition

-studies of how characteristics of the work setting affected worker fatigue and performance at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Co

- ex: workers productivity was measured at various levels of light illumination 

Term
Human Relations Movement
Definition

-supervisors would be "behaviorally trained" to manage subordinates to increase cooperation and productivity 

 

Term
Total Quality Management
Definition

- fathered by Edwards Deming

-focuses on analyzing an organizations input, conversion, and output activities to increase product quality

-there is always something to improve

Term
Contingency Theory
Definition

-the idea that the organizational structures and control systems manager choose are contingent on characteristics of the external environment in which the organization operates

-ex: can you keep up with the demand?

-is like the PLAN B

Term
Managers
Definition
-the people responsible for supervising the use of an organizations resources to meet its goals
Term
Management
Definition
-the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively
Term
What Are the 4 Functions of Management?
Definition

P.O.L.C.

 

- Planning

- Organizing

- Leading

- Controling

Term
Efficiency
Definition
-a measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal
Term
Effectiveness
Definition
-a measure of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and of the degree to which the organization achieves those goals
Term
Planning
Definition

-decide which goals the organization will pursue

 

Term
Organizing 
Definition
-involves grouping people into departments according to the kind of job-specific tasks they perform
Term
Leading
Definition

-using power, personality, influence, persuasion, and communication skills

-revolves around encouraging all employees to perform at a high level

Term
Controling
Definition
-the outcome of the control process is the ability to measure performance accurately and regulating organizational efficiency and effectiveness
Term
Figurehead
Definition
-symbol of the organization's mission and what it is seeking to achieve
Term
Liason
Definition
-linking and coordinating the activities of people and groups both inside and outside the organization
Term
Spokesperson
Definition
-using information to positively influence the way people (in and out of the organization) respond to it
Term
Leader (again)
Definition
-training, counseling, and mentoring hight employee performance
Term
First-Line Management
Definition
-responsible for the daily supervision of the non-managerial employees (day to day management)
Term
Middle Management
Definition

-responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve organizational goals

(ex: scheduling...not necessarily day to day)

Term
Top Managers
Definition

-responsible for the performance of all departments

-establish organizational goals

-decide how different departments should interact

Term
Challenges For Managing In A Global Environment
Definition

-have to find better ways to use their resources and improve their performance in order to keep up

- Building Competitive Advantage

- Maintaining Ethical and Socially Responsible Standards

-Managing A Diverse Workforce

- Practicing Global Crisis Management

-Turnaround Management (new approach)

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