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Prasad Final
Radiographic, lumps and bumps
94
Pathology
Professional
04/23/2011

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cemento-ossifying fibroma (Downward bowing of inferior cortex, wide age range)
Florid-osseous dyspalsia (Multi-focal, middle-aged black females, avoid biopsy)
Focal Cemento-osseous dysplasia (Unifocal, middle-aged white women)
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (middle- aged black women, no tx)
Definition
Benign Fibro-osseous lesions
Term
Multilocular Radiolucency
Definition

OKC: Gorlin syndrome, tooth:y/n, resection CGCG: tooth: < 30 yrs, may perforate cortex, excision

Ameloblastoma: soap bubble, tooth: y/n, resection

Odontogenic myxoma: soap bubble, young adults, wispy stroma can cause recurrence, resection or curettage

Central Hemangioma: fatal bleeding, sclerotherapy or surgical embolization Cherubism: bilateral, symmetric, mandible, recontour after growth

Term
Unilocular radiolucency
Definition
AOT: enucleation
COC: excision
Simple bone cyst (scalloping, cortical expansion): surgical exploration often curative
Lateral periodontal cyst: excision
Ameloblastoma: resection
OKC: resection
Dentigerous cyst: excision with extraction
Term
Solitary radiopaque lesion
Definition

Osteoblastoma: not aspirin, > 2 cm, excision or curettage

Cementoblastoma: attch roots tooth, radiolucent halo, excision w/ extraction

Osteoma: Peducunculated/sessile or in bone, young adults, Gardner syndrome,

Odontoma: radiolucent halo, excision Condensing osteitis: apex/necrosis, RCT or extract

Idiopathic osteosclerosis: no radiolucent rim, not associated with infection, no tx

Term
Mixed w/ well-defined borders
Definition
COC: ghost cells
AOT: snowflake
CEOT: adults, driven snow, excision
Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: children
Cementoblastoma: tooth root
Benign fibro-osseous lesions
Osteoblastoma: not aspirin
Osteoid osteoma: nocturnal, asprin, central nidus
Term
Ill-defined borders
Definition
Fibrous dysplasia: cafe-au-lait, ground glass
Paget's Disease: cotton wool, hypercementosis
Focal osteoporotic marrow defect: fine trabeculations
Osteosarcoma: sunburst, < 20 yrs, widened PDL
Chondrosarcoma: Adults
Osteomyelitis: moth-eaten, onion-skin
Osteoradionecrosis: moth-eaten
Massive osteolysis: extensive bone loss
Ewing's Sarcoma: < 20 yrs, loose teeth
SSC
Metastatic tumors: moth-eaten, wide PDL
Term
Florid osseous dysplasia
Definition
Mixed or radiopaque
Multi-quadrant
Avoid biopsy
AA females
No tx
Risk of osteomyelitis, poor wound healing
Term
Periapical cemento-osseous dyspalsia
Definition
radiolucent/-paque/mixed
Mandibular anterior
AA females
No tx
Term
Idiopathic osteosclerosis
Definition
Radiopaque
No radiolucent rim
Well-defined
Not associated w/odontogenic infection
Mandibular molar region
Near roots of teeth
No tx
Term
Cementoblastoma
Definition
Radiopaque or mixed
Radiolucent halo
Attached to roots
Mandibular 1st molar
Tx: Excision w/extraction or
Root amputation w/endo
Term
Cherubism
Definition
Radiolucencies
Multilocular, bilateral
Mandible and ramus
Tx: may resolve after puberty
Recontour after growth is complete
Term
Antral Pseudocyst
Definition
Radiopaque
Discrete, dome-shaped
Base of maxillary sinus
Tx: none, refer to ENT if symptomatic, treat infection
Term
Focal Osteoporotic Marrow Defect
Definition
Radiolucent
Non-discrete borders
Mandibular molar/premolar area
May contain trabeculations
Older females
No treatment, biopsy for diagnosis
Term
Condensing osteitis
Definition
Radiopaque
Apex of tooth
Necrosis, pulpitis
Treat infection
Term
OKC/KOT
Definition
Radiolucency
Multi-locular or unilocular
Multiple = Nevoid basal cell ca (Gorlin)
Multiple BCC's, bifid ribs, calcified falx cerebri
Palmar and plantar pits
Enucleation, marsupialization, freezing
Term
CGCG
Definition
Radiolucent
Multilocular
Young < 30
Anterior jaws
Non-odontogenic
r/o hyperparathyroid "Brown's tumor"
Tx: Surgical excision
Term
Ameloblastoma
Definition
Radiolucent
Multi or unilocular
Soap bubble
Benign, slow growing but aggressive
Tx: Resection
Term
Odontogenic myxoma
Definition

Radiolucent Multilocular Soap bubble Young adults Tx: Curettage, resection, ostectomy (size) Wispy stroma cause recurrence

 

Stepladder trabeculations

Term
Central Hemangioma
Definition
Radiolucent
Multilocular
Biopsy - fatal bleeding
Tx: Sclerotherapy, surgical embolization
Term
Lateral periodontal cyst
Definition
Radiolucent
Unilocular
Mandibular canine-premolar region
Adjacent to roots
Check vitality to r/o radicular cyst
Tx: Excision
Term
Simple bone cyst (traumatic cyst)
Definition
Radiolucent
Unilocular
Scalloping between roots
Cortical expansion
Young, may have hx of trauma
Mandible
Tx: surgical exploration
Term
Osteoblastoma
Definition
Radiopaque or mixed
Solitary (late stage)
Pain not relieved by aspirin
Tx: Local excision or curettage
Term
Osteoma
Definition
Radiopaque
Pedunculated,sessile, within bone
Circumscribed sclerotic mass or central trabecular
pattern
Young adults
Gardner syndrome
Colorectal polyps, epidermal cysts, supernumerary and impacted teeth, thyroid cancer
Tx: varies depending on size and location
Term
Odontoma
Definition
Radiopaque
Tooth-like or calcified mass
Thin radiolucent halo
Tx: surgical extraction
Term
Condensing Osteitis
Definition
Radiopaque
Apex of tooth
Necrosis/pulpitis
Tx: RCT
Term
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis
Definition
Radipaque
No radiolucent rim
Can be near roots of teeth, not odontogenic
No tx
Term
COC (Gorlin)
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Ghost cells
Anterior jaws
Tx: Excision
Term
AOT
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Teenage girls
Anterior maxilla
Impacted canine, other tooth
Snowflake calcifications
Tx: Enucleation
Term
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT)
Pindborg tumor
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Posterior mandible
Adults
Driven snow
Tx: Excision
Term
Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Children
Tx: Curettage
Term
Cemento-ossifying fibroma
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Downward bowing of inferior cortex
Tx: enucleation, excision
Term
Florid osseous dysplasia
Definition
Mixed
well-defined border
Multi-focal
Middle aged AA females
Tx: AVOID BIOPSY
Term
Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Unifocal
Middle-aged, white females
Tx: No tx, biopsy to establish dx
Term
Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined
Apices of lower incisors
Vital teeth
Middle-aged AA females
No tx
Term
Osteoid osteoma
Definition
Mixed
Well-defined borders
Radiopaque central nidus
Nocturnal pain
Relieved by aspirin
Tx: excision or curettage
Term
Fibrous Dysplasia
Definition
Mixed, radiopaque
Ill-defined borders
Ground glass, orange peel
Jaffe-Lichtenstein syndrome
McCune Albright syndrome
Smoky appearance on CT scan
Tx: delay until after puberty, then recontour
Term
Jaffe-Lichtenstein Syndrome
Definition
Polyostotic Fibrous dysplasia
Cafe-au-lait pigmentation
Term
McCune Albright Syndrome
Definition
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Cafe-au-lait pigmentations
Endocrine problems
Extremet precocious puberty
Hyperthyroidism
Term
Paget's disease
Definition
Radiopaque, mixed
Cotton wool, patchy radiopacities
Hypercementosis
Bone pain, bowing of legs
Headaches, CN deficiencies
Increased risk of osteosarcoma
May be on bisphosphonates
Tx: NSAIDS, bisphosphonates, surgery
Term
Focal osteoporotic marrow defect
Definition
Mixed
Ill-defined
Trabeculations
Females
Tx: biopsy for diagnosis, no treatment
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
Radiolucent, mixed, sunburst
Young patients < 20 yrs
Swelling and pain
Widening of PDL - early sign
Loosening of teeth
Paresthesia
Fair to poor prognosis
Term
Chondrosarcoma
Definition
Radiolucent, mixed, radiopaque
Focal radiopacities
Adults > 45 yrs
Maxilla
Sunburst or Wide PDL sometimes
Term
Osteomyelitis
Definition
Radiolucency or diffuse sclerosis
Moth eaten
Ill-defined
Onion skin periosteal reaction
Fever, pain, drainage, paresthesia
Tx: Debridement w/antibiotics
Risk factors: recent injury, orthopedic surgery, circulation problems, invasive medical tubing, IV street drugs
Term
Osteoradionecrosis
Definition
Moth-eaten radiolucency
May have radiopaque foci
Radiation tx
HBO
Term
Massive osteolysis
Definition
Radiolucent Ill-defined Loss of lamina dura, thinning cortex (early signs)
Term
Ewing's Sarcoma
Definition
Radiolucent
Irregular w/ill-defined margins
Young < 20 yrs
Onion-skin periosteal rxn (uncommon in jaw)
Loosening of teeth, pain, swelling, fever, paresthesia
t(11;22) translocation
Term
SSC of Alveolar Ridge
Definition
Superficial, irregular resorption of underlying bone
Term
Metastatic tumors
Definition
Moth-eaten
Ill-defined
Mandible
Unexplained paresthesia of IA nerve
Widened PDL, mimic Periodontal disease
Term
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
Definition
Pink, red
Interdental papilla
Nodule
Tx: excision to periosteum

Diff Dx: pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral odontogenic fibroma
Term
Metastatic tumors
Definition
Pink or red
Nodule of interdental papilla
Radiograph: erosion of underlying cortex
Term
Fibroma
Definition
Can occur on the gingiva
More common on buccal mucosa, lip and tongue
Term
Gingival cyst of the adult
Definition
Blue, translucent
Gingiva or alveolar vestibular mucosa
Mandibular canine-premolar region
Tx: excision
soft tissue counterpart of lateral periodontal cyst
Term
Gingival fibromatosis
Definition
Diffuse
Fibrotic gingival enlargement
Young patients
Idiopathic or familial
Tx: gingivectomy
Diff: Drug related gingival hyperplasia
Term
Gingival cyst of the newborn
Definition
Whitish papules
Alveolar ridge
Tx: none
Bohn's nodules (hard and soft palate jxn)
Epstein's pearls (median palatal raphe)
Term
Congenital epulis
Definition
Pink to red
Polypoid mass
Maxillary alveolar ridge
Tx: excision
Term
Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
Definition
Blue to black
Rapidly expanding mass of alveolus (maxilla)
Develops in 1st year of life
Displace developing teeth
5% malignant
Tx: excision
Term
Neurofibroma
Definition
Pink
Nodule
Tongue, upper lip, anywhere
Tx: excision
Term
Schwannoma (neurilemmoma)
Definition
Pink
Nodule
Upper lip, anywhere
encapsulated submucosal tumor
Tx: excision
Term
Traumatic neuroma
Definition
Pink
Nodule
Painful
Tx: excision
Term
Leiomyoma
Definition
Pink
Nodule
May be tender
Tx: excise
Term
Choristoma
Definition
Pink
Nodule
Tongue
Firm to hard
Tx: excision
Term
Round, nodular, submucosal mass of the upper lip
Definition
Benign neural lesion (neurofibroma, schwannoma)
Benign salivary gland tumor (pleomorphic adenoma, canalicular adenoma)
Term
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Definition
Nodular
Predilection for lower lip
Can mimic mucocele
Term
Nasolabial cyst
Definition
Swelling of upper lip and vestibule
Lateral to midline
Elevation of ala
Term
Squamous papilloma
Definition
Pink to white
Solitary lesion
Pebbly, pointy, hair-like
Exophytic, sessile or pedunculated
Tx: excision
Term
Verruca vulgaris
Definition
White
Multiple lesions common
Rough, pebbly surface, hair-like
Children
Autoinoculation sites (lips, anterior tongue)
Tx: excision
Term
Condyloma acuminatum
Definition
Pink
Cauliflower-like
Multiple and clustered
Tx: excision, no aerosol
Term
Verruciform xanthoma
Definition
Yellow, reddish, white
Gingiva, alveolar mucosa
slightly raised with pebbly surface
Tx: excision
Term
Heck's Disease (Focal epithelial hyperplasia)
Definition
Pink
Multiple
condyloma-like or pebbly
tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
American Indians, Eskimos
Tx: biospy for dx, regress on their own
Term
Verrucous carcinoma
Definition
Red and white mixed
Males
Exophytic fungating mass
Papillary surface
Term
Lymphangioma
Definition
Pink or red
Frog eggs
Tongue
Infants and children
Tx: excision
Term
Neurofibromatosis
Definition
Multiple lumps
cafe-au-lait pigmentation
freckling of axilla
Lisch nodules, CNS tumors
Increased risk of malignant transformation
Term
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2B
Definition
Pink
Multiple mucosal neuromas
Lips, anterior tongue
Bilateral nodules of the commissures
Painless
Think, elongated limbs, long face, everted upper eyelid, adrenal neoplasms
Tx: prophylactic removal of thyroid
Term
Cowden syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome)
Definition
Multiple intraoral papules
Multiple small facial papules
Nose, ears, mouth
Tx: prophylactic mastectomy
Term
Amyloidosis
Definition
Multiple nodules of the tongue
Macroglossia
Skin - waxy papules and plaques
Hx of multiple myeloma
Fatique, malaise, weight loss
Tx: Refer to physician
Term
Orofacial granulomatosis
Definition
Diffuse, persistent, swelling of lips
Intraoral: Cobblestone, papules, gingival swelling
Causes: Crohn's, foreign material, sarcoidosis, Tb, fungal infections, chronic granulomatous disease
Tx: refer to physician for work-up
Term
Darier's disease
Definition
Red
Multiple itchy papules w/rough surface and foul odor
Oral lesions: white/normal colored papules, cobblestone (resembles nicotine stomatitis)
+/- nail changes
Lesions worsen in summer
Adolescence
Term
Dermoid cyst
Definition
Below geniohyoid
doughy submental swelling
Double chin
Term
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Definition
Midline of neck
Fluctuant swelling
Below hyoid bone
Young patients
Tx: sistrunk procedure
Term
Cystic hygroma
Definition
Lump
Lateral neck
Infants and children
Turner's and Down's syndrome
Tx: excision, recur
Term
Branchial cleft cyst
Definition
Lateral neck
Fluctuant mass
Anterior border of SCM
Young adults
Tx: Excision
Term
Epidermoid cyst
Definition
Fluctuant lesion of skin
Neck and face
Inflammation of hair follicle
Multiple in a young pt - r/o Gardner's syndrome
Term
Non-specific reactive lymphadenopathy
Definition
Firm
enlarged lymph node
tender
Tx: monitor and biopsy
Term
Infectious mononucleosis
Definition
Firm, enlarged, tender lymph nodes
Sore throat, fever
Petechiae of hard and soft palate
NUG
Adolescents and young adults
EBV
Tx: refer to physician
Term
Cat-scratch disease

Bartonella henselae
Definition
Firm, painful
Submandibular or cervical lymphadenopathy
Young patients
Tx: palliative care, may need to drain node
Term
Lymphoma
Definition
Firm, enlarged node
Slowly enlarging
Movable at first
non-tender
Tx: biopsy and refer
Term
Metastatic disease
Definition
Firm
Solitary, enlarged, submandibular node
Term
Lymph node enlargement
Definition
Sarcoidosis
Tb
Term
CGCG
Cemento-ossifying fibroma
Traumatic cyst
Definition
Altered cortex
Term
Ameloblastoma
Odontogenic myxoma
Definition
Soap-bubble
Term
Metastatic tumors
Osteomyelitis
Definition
Moth-eaten
Term
Hypercementosis
Definition
Paget's disease
Term
Radiopaque foci/nidus
Definition
osteoid osteoma
chondrosarcoma
osteoradionecrosis
Term
Cobblestone
Definition
Heck's
Darier's
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
Orofacial granulomatosis
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