Home > Flashcards > Medical - Veterinary > Positional Terms (pp9-14)

Details Title: Positional Terms (pp9-14) Description: Veterinary Medical Terminology Total Flash Cards: 95 Created: 10/01/2007 10:30:06	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term planes Definition imaginary lines that are used descriptively to divide the body into sections Term ventral Definition refers to the belly or underside of a body or body a part Term ventr/o Definition latin means belly Term dorsal Definition refers to the back Term dors/o Definition (latin) means back Term cranial Definition towards the head Term crani/o Definition (latin) means skull Term caudal Definition toward the tail Term cauda Definition (latin) means tail Term anterior Definition front of the body (used more in description of organs or body parts; confusing term in quadrapeds because a quadraped's belly is oriented downward not forward as in a human) Term posterior Definition means rear of the body Term anteri/o Definition (latin) means before Term posteri/o Definition means behind Term rostral Definition nose end of the head Term rostrum Definition (latin) means beak Term cephalic Definition pertaining to the head Term kephale Definition (greek) means head Term medial Definition toward midline Term medi/o Definition (latin) means middle Term lateral Definition away from the midline Term later/o Definition (latin) means side Term superior Definition uppermost, above, or toward the head Term super Definition (latin) means above Term inferior Definition lowermost, below, or toward the tail (used more commonly in bipeds) Term inferi Definition (latin) means lower Term proximal Definition nearest midline or nearest the beginning of a structure Term proxim/o Definition next Term distal Definition farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure Term dist/o Definition (latin) means distant Term superficial Definition near the surface;also called external Term deep Definition away from or beneath the surface; also called internal Term palmar Definition caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally) Term palmar (latin) Definition (latin) means hollow of the hand Term plantar Definition caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus (from the tibiotarsal joint distally) Term plantar (latin) Definition (latin) sole of foot Term midsaggital plane Definition plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves Term median plane Definition plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves Term midline Definition plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves Term saggital plane Definition plane that divides the body into UNequal right and left halves Term dorsal plane Definition plane that divides the body into dorsal(back) and ventral(belly) parts Term coronal plane Definition plane that divides the body into dorsal(back) and ventral(belly) parts Term frontal plane (in quadripeds) Definition plane that divides the body into dorsal(back) and ventral(belly) parts Term transverse plane Definition plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts; may also be used to describe a perpendicular transection to the long axis of an appendage Term horizontal plane Definition plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts Term cross-sectional plane Definition plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts Term -logy Definition study of Term anatomy Definition study of body structure Term physiology Definition study of body functions Term pathophysiology Definition study of changes in function caused by disease Term etiology Definition study of disease causes Term arcade Definition series of arches Term dental arcade Definition used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth Term lingual surface Definition aspect of tooth that faces the tongue Term palatal surface Definition tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue (in human dentistry we call this the lingual surface, just like the teeth in the mandible) Term labial surface Definition tooth surface facing the lips (in human dentistry we call this the facial surface) Term buccal surface *the book also calls this vestibular surface - this isn't a term used in modern language Definition aspect of tooth that faces cheek Term vestibule Definition (latin) space or cavity at an entrance Term labia Definition lips Term contact surfaces Definition aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth Term mesial surface Definition contact surface that is closest to the midline Term distal surface Definition contact surface of tooth that is furthest from the midline of the dental arcade Term cavity Definition hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs Term cranial cavity Definition hollow space that contains the brain in the skull Term spinal cavity Definition hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column Term thoracic cavity (chest cavity) Definition hollow space that contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm Term abdominal cavity Definition hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity Term peritoneal cavity Definition hollow space within the abdominal cavity between the parietal pertoneum and the visceral peritoneum Term pelvic cavity Definition hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory system organs formed by the pelvic bones Term abdomen Definition portion of body between the thorax and pelvis containing the abdominal cavity Term thorax Definition region between the neck and the diaphragm Term groin Definition lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh; it is also known as the inguinal area Term membranes Definition layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity or divide a space or organ Term peritoneum Definition membrane lining walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area Term parietal peritoneum Definition outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities Term visceral peritoneum Definition inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs Term peritonitis Definition inflammation of the peritoneum Term umbilicus Definition pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus (navel) Term mesentery Definition layer of the peritoneum that suspends part of the intestine in the abdominal cavity Term retroperitoneal Definition superficial to the peritoneum Term recumbency Definition this is the only medical term for lying down Term dorsal recumbency Definition lying on the back Term ventral or sternal recumbency Definition lying on the belly Term left lateral recumbency Definition lying on the left side Term right lateral recumbency Definition lying on the right side Term prone Definition means lying in ventral or sternal recumbency Term supine Definition means lying in dorsal recumbency Term adduction Definition movement toward the midline Term abduction Definition movement away from midline Term flexion Definition closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angle between two bones Term extension Definition straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones Term hyperflexion Definition occurs when a joint is flexed to far; (palmar or plantar movement of joint angles) Term hyperextension Definition occurs when a joint is extended too far; (dorsal movement of joints beyond the reference angle) Term supination Definition act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward (think of position of palms while holding a bowl of soup) Term pronation Definition act of rotating limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward Term rotation Definition circular movement around an axis