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Details Title Political Science Final Exam Review Description Review for the final exam Total Cards 222 Subject Political Studies Created 12/02/2010

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Term _________________________refers to a particular view of how we ought to organize and live our collective lives.	Definition Social order
Term According to the text, why do some observers claim there is a crisis in American citizenship?	Definition Civic virtue is taking second place to self-interest as a guiding principle of citizenship.
Term ________ can be described as a system or an organization for exercising authority over a body of people	Definition Government
Term What are the organizations where government power is exercised and where political struggle takes place?	Definition Institutions
Term Power is defined as ______________________.	Definition the ability to get other people to do what you want.
Term How do rules fit into the concept of "who gets what, and how?"	Definition Rules can be thought of as the how.
Term A system based on "government by the few" refers to ___________________.	Definition an oligarchy.
Term In socialist economies, what controls economic decisions?	Definition The government
Term In capitalist economies, what controls economic decisions?	Definition The market
Term Power that is recognized as legitimate is known as ________________	Definition authority.
Term There are currently around __________ illegal immigrants in the United States.	Definition 12 million
Term Among those who argue against deporting everyone who has immigrated to the United States illegally are ___________________	Definition businesspeople who enjoy the benefits of cheap labor.
Term Today most foreign-born U.S. citizens come from countries that are part of___________________	Definition Latin America and Asia.
Term Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as ____________________.	Definition immigrants
Term Individuals allowed into the United States because they face or are threatened with persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group, or because of their political opinions are known as ____________________.	Definition refugees
Term The legal process of acquiring citizenship for a person who was not born a U.S. citizen is known as __________________	Definition naturalization
Term federal agency that now oversees the naturalization process is the U.S. ____________________________.	Definition Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Term Individuals born in the United States are American citizens, even if their parents are not, following the principle of ____________________________	Definition jus soli.
Term Jus sanguinis is the legal principle that defines citizenship by the right by__________________	Definition blood.
Term Government assurances that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes, are called __________________________.	Definition procedural guarantees.
Term In Federalist No. 10, James Madison warned against the dangers of _________________.	Definition factions
Term What did James Madison mean when he stated that the founders needed to "discover a republican remedy for those diseases most incident to republican government"?	Definition Government had to contain the will of the people even though it was based on the will of the people
Term The principle that power to govern rests with the people is also known as _____________________	Definition popular sovereignty.
Term The biggest winners under the Articles of Confederation were _____________________.	Definition small farmers and artisans
Term The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were ___________________________.	Definition the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country
Term The Declaration of Independence was first and foremost a _______________________.	Definition political document
Term Ideas of political change and challenges to British ideology were largely a result of American acceptance of the political ideas of _____________________	Definition John Locke
Term The founders adopted a federal system _________________________________.	Definition as a compromise between those who wanted a strong central government and those who wanted to retain strong state governments
Term The delegates at the Constitutional Convention _________________________________.	Definition met in secret to prevent opponents from organizing against their actions
Term ____________ were more pervasive than owning property or paying taxes as a qualification for voting in the early days of colonial government.	Definition Religious or moral qualifications
Term The main debate at the Constitutional Convention about the powers of the executive branch focused on whether _________________________________________________.	Definition to have a single-member or multi-member executive
Term Gibbons v. Ogden increased the power of the national government by interpreting the _______________________________________________.	Definition commerce clause of the Constitution very broadly
Term official set of rules for who gets what, when, and how in America is contained in the ___________________________.	Definition Constitution
Term The founders hoped that the Senate would be __________ the House of Representatives.	Definition more stable than
Term In the United States, __________________________________________.	Definition legislative, executive, and judicial powers are handled by separate institutions
Term All of the following comparisons between the president and senators are true EXCEPT ____________________________.	Definition senators have always been chosen by direct election
Term The __________ is often used by Congress to justify its exercise of powers not specifically mentioned in Article I, Section 8	Definition necessary and proper clause
Term In a parliamentary system, the executive __________________________________.	Definition is chosen by the legislature
Term Powers shared by the federal and state governments are _____________________.	Definition known as concurrent powers
Term In Federalist No. 51, James Madison predicted that no single branch of government would become too powerful and oppress citizens, because ____________________________.	Definition the other two branches would curb the possibly oppressive advances of each branch
Term The Supreme Court has ruled that __________________________________.	Definition public figures have less protection from the press than other members of the public
Term The founders' opposition to prior restraint showed their commitment to ________________________________.	Definition freedom of the press
Term The idea that language shapes behavior and, therefore, should be regulated to control its social effects is known as _________________________.	Definition political correctness
Term According to the textbook, conflicts of rights often come down to conflicts _____________.	Definition of power
Term The Lemon test established that ______________________________.	Definition there shall be no excessive entanglement of government and religion.
Term _____ is incorporation on a case-by-case basis.	Definition Selective incorporation
Term Bills of attainder are laws _________________________________.	Definition under which specific persons or groups are detained and sentenced without trial
Term The following statement is given at a political rally: "The U.S. government's policy toward the Middle East is responsible for the violence in the region." It is an example of what kind of speech?	Definition Sedition
Term According to the textbook, all of the following statements concerning rights are true EXCEPT _________________________________.	Definition rights involve the absence of power, not the creation of power
Term Which of the following is NOT constitutional?	Definition Fulfilling quotas of minorities in school admissions
Term Laws that treat men and women differently are subject to _________________________.	Definition an intermediate standard of review
Term In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court ruled that _____________________________.	Definition state sodomy laws were a violation of the right to privacy
Term What is the definition of strict scrutiny?	Definition A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to assess the constitutionality of laws that limit some freedoms or that make a suspect classification
Term Women gained the right to vote by a strategy of ________________________________.	Definition gaining the right to vote in states where they had support and expanding their support over time
Term What is the definition of affirmative action?	Definition A policy of creating opportunities for members of certain groups as a substantive remedy for past discrimination
Term The rights given blacks in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments did not really help African Americans following the Civil War because _________________________.	Definition Congress, president, and southern state governments made little effort to enforce them
Term The Supreme Court of ________ declared that marriage was a civil right and that banning same-sex marriage violated the state's equal protection and due process clauses.	Definition Massachusetts
Term Congressional policy toward Native Americans has historically varied between ______________________________________________.	Definition European style culture and encouraging self governance
Term The Supreme Court designated race a suspect class in ____.	Definition 1950's
Term The _______ role of interest groups is reflected in MADD's attempts to increase public awareness of problems related to drunk driving and to direct legislative attention to the issue.	Definition agenda-building
Term The likelihood that people with a shared interest will form a group is increased when each of the following occurs EXCEPT	Definition the potential members are unemployed and have a great deal of time to engage in politics.
Term Interest groups perform all of the following roles in politics EXCEPT	Definition electing members to public office.
Term All of the following statements concerning direct lobbying are true EXCEPT	Definition It is hard for interest groups to lobby the bureaucracy.
Term Political action committees, or PACs, are	Definition the fundraising arm for interest groups.
Term Americans	Definition are much more likely to belong to groups than are citizens of other nations.
Term Critics of campaign finance reform use the activities of 527 groups in the 2004 election as proof that	Definition campaign finance reform is ineffective because groups will always find loopholes that allow them to influence election campaigns
Term Even though their goal is to provide a collective good, public interest groups often struggle because they	Definition are often vulnerable to the free rider problem and to disputes over whether some collective goods (like abortion or gun rights) are beneficial.
Term The “revolving door” exists because	Definition some of the most effective lobbyists are former government officials.
Term _____ are the type of interest group that is least likely to meet Madison’s definition of “factions.”	Definition Public interest groups
Term People form _________ through the process of political socialization.	Definition Political Opinions
Term ______________ is the learning process by which most people get their political attitudes, opinions, beliefs and knowledge	Definition Political socialization
Term ___________ are Factors in one's life that leads one to vote one way or another.	Definition Agents of Political Socialization
Term The largest agent of political socialization is _______________.	Definition The Importance of Family
Term ______________ is a set of political beliefs that includes the advocacy of active government in helping individuals.	Definition Liberalism
Term A _______________ would advocate: - Intervention to improve quality of life and to protect civil rights - Redistribution of wealth	Definition Liberal
Term ________________ is a set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals	Definition Conservatism
Term A ___________________ would advocate: - Support of traditional values and lifestyles - Cautious toward change - Economic self determination	Definition Conservative
Term _______________ consist of the political center.	Definition Moderates
Term __________________ is a set of political beliefs that focuses on individual liberties, protection from the government, and is primarily fiscally conservative while being primarily socially liberal	Definition Libertarianism
Term A _________ would advocate: - As little government intervention as possible - Civil liberties - Individual privacy	Definition Libertarian
Term -Party Identification -Perception of the Candidates -Policy Choices -These factors determine __________	Definition Why People Vote as They Do After they are politically socialized
Term The largest factor in determining how one votes after they are politically socialized is ____________.	Definition Party Identification
Term A ___________ is a snapshot of how people feel at the time of the poll	Definition public opinion poll
Term - Straw polls - Random sample - Exit Polls - Push Polls - These are used as _________________.	Definition ways one gets a sample of public opinion.
Term A ___________ is the most accurate way to get a sample of public opinion.	Definition A random sample showing no bias in poll question
Term A ____________ is the difference between what the sample results reveal and what the true results would have been if the total possible relevant population was polled.	Definition sample error
Term A ______________ refers to the people selected to represent the population that is being surveyed.	Definition sample
Term Are exit polls accurate?	Definition It depends on the sample size and the number sampled.
Term A ________________ is a political campaign technique in which an individual or organization attempts to influence or alter the view of respondents under the guise of conducting a poll.	Definition push poll
Term What is the most important demographic factor in likely voters?	Definition Education
Term Minorities are __________ in likely voter polls	Definition underrepresented
Term ______________ help determine public opinion.	Definition Polls
Term What is the Media?	Definition A medium transmits content
Term - Television - Newspapers - Movies - Internet - Radio - These are examples of ________________.	Definition Types of media
Term - Entertainment Shows - News Channels - Debate Shows - These are examples of ________________ in the media.	Definition television
Term - Current Information - Influencing Political Leaders - These are examples of _______________ in the media.	Definition newspapers
Term - Round the clock news - Diversity of news sources - Blogs (web logs) - These are examples of the ______________ in the media?	Definition internet
Term - Fahrenheit 911 - Flight 93 These are examples of ________________ in the Media.	Definition movies
Term - Talk Radio - News on the radio These are examples of ________________ in the Media.	Definition Radio
Term - Less range of views and exchange of ideas - Corporate pressure to avoid topics that would impact on corporate interests - Financial pressure to reduce the quality of news coverage. - These are examples of _____________.	Definition the Impacts of Concentration of Media Outlets
Term A _______________ is when the media and politicians use each other to mutual advantage	Definition Symbiotic relationship
Term A ____________ is when the media and politicians fight each other.	Definition Adversarial relationship
Term Websites, Newspapers, Talk Radio, Movies, Books are __________ to the mainstream media.	Definition alternatives
Term What would be the effect on politics if there were no electronic media, just newspapers and magazines?	Definition Less range of view an ideas
Term The media ________________ given George W. Bush an easy ride	Definition has not
Term Our local media displays bias by ________________.	Definition Inserting popular local opinion in the coverage it presents
Term The news media could make a greater contribution to American democracy?	Definition by doing a better job at presenting news objectively
Term A powerful way Bill Clinton would display emotion publicly is when he would ___________.	Definition bite his lower lip
Term The media as an Industry is changing through __________.	Definition new technology and an integration to electronic media
Term Politicians and media react towards one another through _______________.	Definition a series of symbiotic relationships, adversarial relationships, or a combination of the two
Term Due to ______ there is a Less range of views and exchange of ideas in the media.	Definition Political Pressure
Term Media outlets are often corporations and being such they have _______________ to present news in a relevant way to their base.	Definition financial and corporate pressure
Term There is _________ to reduce the quality of news coverage in the media because the corporations who own some outlets want to keep the demographic they have.	Definition Financial Pressure
Term _________ describes the effect that is happening to large media corporations now that news can be delivered from a myriad of sources.	Definition atomization
Term __________ is another term used for atomization of the media.	Definition Fragmentation
Term The _______ media affected Bush in the 2004 presidential Debates.	Definition online
Term The media thought that Bush was wearing a ______________ during the foreign policy debate during the 2004 election.	Definition wire underneath his jacket to get answers offstage
Term Media outlets like _________________ have atomized the media and provided and outlet for anyone with a camera to offer political opinion.	Definition youtube
Term - Press conferences, interviews, leaks, media events - School closure debate - Regurgitation of talking points - These are examples of ______________.	Definition symbiotic relationships between the media and president
Term - Negative news coverage of Iraq rather than focusing on positive developments - “No journalism is worth doing unless it unseats the mighty” as an attitude of some reporters - These are examples of _______________.	Definition adversarial relationships between the media and president
Term A _________________ is when the press gets a story or information from an unnamed source with a job that helps give inside information not that is not officially given to the media.	Definition media leak
Term What happened when Trent Lott when he supported the George Bush's immigration bill?	Definition He was hammered from the left and the right.
Term The Pew Research Center shows that Young people get their information primarily from ________________.	Definition the internet and television
Term _____________ Succeeded in managing the news better than any other administration	Definition The Regan Administration
Term _______________ was highly visible to the media but not very accessible?	Definition Regan
Term ______________ Tried to focus on an issue or highlight a message, but often got bogged down in policy specifics.	Definition Bill Clinton
Term _____________ Didn' talk well; stumbled; made up words; lost train of thought when speaking publicly.	Definition George Bush
Term Bush did talk well on the topic of ________________.	Definition Moral Clarity
Term ___________ committees try to use media to influence public opinion	Definition Congressional
Term _______________ shun media attention	Definition Supreme Court Justices
Term Justices are _______________ from legitimate investigation and excessive scrutiny	Definition shielded
Term Some say that _______________ are businesses and to retain their customers, they must reflect the mainstream of America	Definition media corporations
Term The _____________ are used by the media to undercut politicians such as saying “He conceded” rather than “He said”; “Her weak response” rather than “Her response”	Definition Use of words in stories
Term _______________ shape the media’s presentation of the news	Definition The pressure to make a profit and the need to attract an audience
Term The Pew Research Center shows that older people get their information primarily from ________________.	Definition newspaper and television
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of ___________________ would be 9/11.	Definition major life event
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of _________________ would be losing one's job.	Definition economic status
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of _________________ would be a new Sean Hannity book.	Definition the media
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of _________________ would be a speech made by Sarah Palin.	Definition Opinion Leaders
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of ________________ would be Young Americans for Liberty. (A Student Libertarian Group)	Definition Peer Groups
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of _________________ would be a high school diploma.	Definition School and Educational Attainment
Term An example of the agent of political socialization of _________________ would be the issue of Gay Marriage.	Definition the importance of family
Term Older people vote ________________ than younger people.	Definition more regularly
Term Those who are less wealthy people vote ______________ than those who are more wealthy.	Definition less often
Term ________________ is used by candidates to reveal something that may weaken them in the election in their own way to prevent their opposition from using it against them.	Definition Inoculation
Term The relationship between Ann Coulter and John Edwards is a _____________ relationship.	Definition symbiotic and adversarial
Term The final exam is _____________.	Definition Thursday, December 9, at 4pm
Term A candidate is nominated by _______________.	Definition either a party nominating convention or a meeting of party delegates held by party leaders
Term A meeting of members of a political party or subgroup to coordinate members' actions, choose group policy, or nominate candidates for various offices is called a ______________.	Definition caucus
Term A election in which voters select candidates for a subsequent election is called a ___________.	Definition Primary election
Term __________ refers to the rush to try and have a state's primary held early so the result will have a bigger impact	Definition front-loading
Term A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people is a _________.	Definition Direct Primary
Term A ________________ is a primary in which the candidate from that one party is selected from others in that party to run in an upcoming election.	Definition Closed Primary
Term A _________________ is a primary in which you ask for a republican or a democrat ballot when voting.	Definition semi-open primary
Term A ________________ is a primary in which all candidates run and the top two vote-getters run for the office no matter what their party affiliations are.	Definition Open Primary
Term Investigation of an opponent's background the purpose of exploiting weaknesses or undermining credibility is called _____________.	Definition opposition research
Term Wedge issues are controversial matters _________________.	Definition that one party uses to split voters in the other party
Term ______________ voting occurs when people base their voting decisions on well-informed opinions and consideration of the future consequences of their votes.	Definition Prospective
Term The single biggest factor accounting for how people decide to vote is ________________.	Definition party identification
Term Typically the three important tasks of the presidential convention are to pick the presidential candidate, ____________________.	Definition select the vice presidential candidate, and write the party's platform
Term Citizens’ feelings of effectiveness in political affairs is called _____________.	Definition political efficacy
Term In recent presidential elections, voter turnout has been __________________.	Definition rising
Term A valence issue is an issue __________________.	Definition on which most voters and candidates share the same position
Term Politicians probably won't pass major electoral reforms that might increase participation, because current politicians _________________.	Definition won in the current system and are concerned about whom the beneficiaries of such changes might be
Term ______________ determines how delegates are distributed by the primaries	Definition Party Rules
Term The term "convention bump" refers to ________________.	Definition the opinion poll spike that most candidates enjoy immediately after the convention
Term A plebiscite is _______________________.	Definition a popular vote on national policy issues
Term Regarding the impact of the public in American national decision-making, the founders wanted ________________________.	Definition a system legitimated by the public but also protected from the possible dangers of the public's power
Term ______________ is the process by which majority opinion becomes exaggerated because minorities do not feel comfortable speaking out in opposition.	Definition The spiral of silence
Term Compared to other industrialized nations, the United States ranks __________________ in voter participation.	Definition near the bottom
Term The gender gap is especially large on issues of _____________________________.	Definition violence
Term The danger of majority tyranny in a democracy most likely would result from _______________________________.	Definition majority rule without the tempering influence of debate and discussion
Term One concern about question wording in polls is that the person being sampled will be unfamiliar with a subject and thereby ________________________________.	Definition give responses based on cues picked up from the context of the interview or the question
Term Regarding tolerance, Americans are generally ____________________________.	Definition supportive of general issues such as free speech but less supportive when asked to extend rights to unpopular groups
Term One advantage of direct contact between elected officials and the public versus the use of public opinion polls is that direct contact ____________________________________.	Definition provides more representative samples of public opinion
Term The relationship between sample size and sampling error is ______________________.	Definition the larger the sample, the smaller will be the sampling error
Term CIS stands for _______________.	Definition Citizen Immigration Services
Term ____________ deals with separation of church and state.	Definition The Lemon Test
Term ____________ are organizations where government power is exercised.	Definition institutions
Term ______________ is productions and distribution of a society's material resources and services.	Definition economics
Term The problem with the articles of confederation is that there ______________________.	Definition is no central authority to settle disputes among the states.
Term The Alien and Sedition acts ____________________.	Definition were Federalists limiting criticism of the government
Term _____________ established implied powers and national supremacy.	Definition McCullough Vs. Maryland
Term _________________is the shared body of values and beliefs that shape perception	Definition Political Culture
Term Jus Sanguins stands for ________________.	Definition rights by blood
Term _______________ caused one not being able to be detained or sentenced without a trial.	Definition The Bill of Attainder
Term Jus Soli stands for ________________.	Definition Right by birth (If someone is born in the US it gives them citizenship.)
Term A ____________ is a law placed on a ballet and voted on by the people.	Definition referendum
Term The concept of majority rules is also known as ____________.	Definition majoritism
Term Politics is _________________________.	Definition who gets what when and how
Term ____________ is language that shapes behavior and regulates word usage.	Definition Political Correctness
Term ___________ is a public utterance of great untruth.	Definition Slander
Term _________ is a published lie.	Definition Libel
Term ______________ is speech that is harmfully anti government.	Definition Seditious speech
Term The ________________ makes it so one can practice any faith as long as it does not break any laws.	Definition Free exercise clause
Term The ____________ makes it so the government can't establish an official religion.	Definition establishment clause
Term The 14th amendment establishes _________.	Definition due process
Term The no ex facto law make it so that ________________________.	Definition one cannot be prosecuted for an action that was legal when it was committed
Term The ________________ prohibits any law that has punishment without trial.	Definition Prohibition of Bill of Attainder
Term ________________ states that you must be presented to the court and told why you are being held.	Definition Habeus Corpus
Term New Federalism __________________________________.	Definition was more state centered and represented a marble cake.
Term Dual Federalism ___________________________________.	Definition was more nation centered and represented a layered cake.
Term _____________ are powers that the state and federal government share.	Definition Cocurrent powers
Term A Federal government is when _______________________.	Definition the government and states both have power
Term A Unitary Government is when _________________________________.	Definition The Government has the power
Term A Confederacy is when _______________________________.	Definition states have more power than the government.
Term Anti-Federalists __________________________.	Definition pushed the bill or rights
Term The Great Compromise ________________________ and is also known as the Connecticut compromise.	Definition combined the two previous compromises
Term _________ led a rebellion of farmers and those in debt but was defeated.	Definition Shay
Term The Virginia Plan was __________.	Definition Bicameral
Term The NJ plan was ______________.	Definition Unicameral
Term One's _______________ include life liberty and the pursuit of happiness.	Definition Natural Rights
Term ___________________ is what finally pissed off the Colonists enough to initiate the Revolution.	Definition The takes to cover the French and Indian war
Term The separatists from England wanted to _____________.	Definition Practice Religion
Term Rules and Directives represent the _______ of Politics.	Definition How
Term Elections and meetings represent the ________ of politics.	Definition When
Term Bills, Power, Etc, represent the _______ of Politics.	Definition What
Term The People involved in any part of the political process represent the ______ of Politics.	Definition Who
Term ______________ is a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people.	Definition Government
Term A system of political ideas rooted in belief represent _________.	Definition ideology
Term A small group of thinkers who influence government are know as __________.	Definition elitists
Term _________ represents the group of people who represent special interest groups.	Definition Pluralism

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