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Poisons & Antedotes
N/A
70
Pharmacology
Professional
04/29/2011

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Cards

Term
acetaminophen
Definition
N-acetylcysteine
Term
N-acetylcysteine MOA
Definition
prevents toxic metabolite from forming
Term
arsenic
Definition
BAL (dimercaprol)
Term
mercury
Definition
BAL (dimercaprol)
Term
gold
Definition
BAL (dimercaprol)
Term
lead
Definition
BAL (dimercaprol)
Term
BAL (dimercaprol) MOA
Definition
chelator
Term
benzodiazepines (BZDs)
Definition
flumazenil
Term
flumazenil MOA
Definition
receptor antagonist
Term
beta-blocker
Definition
glucagon
Term
glucagon MOA
Definition
may reverse hypotension and bradycardia
Term
calcium channel blocker
Definition
calcium
Term
fluoride
Definition
calcium
Term
carbon monoxide
Definition
oxygen
hyperbaric oxygen
Term
coumadin (warfarin)
Definition
vitamin K
Term
cyanide
Definition
nitrites
Term
digoxin
Definition
digoxin-specific Ab fragments
Term
digoxin-specific Ab fragments MOA
Definition
inactivate digoxin
Term
heparin
Definition
protamine
Term
iron
Definition
deferoxamine
Term
dosage of deferoxamine
Definition
100 mg deferoxamine binds 8.5 mg iron
Term
isoniazide
Definition
pyridoxine
Term
pyridoxine MOA
Definition
competitive (vitamin B6)
Term
ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Definition
ethanol/fomipazole
Term
methanol
Definition
ethanol/fomipazole
Term
ethanol/fomipazole MOA
Definition
enzyme is busy metabolizing EtOH rather than poisons

fomipazole easier to use than EtOH
Term
narcotics
Definition
nalozone
Term
nalozone MOA
Definition
opioid antagonist

duration of action may be shorter than that of the opioid being antagonized
Term
nitrites
Definition
methelene blue
Term
methelene blue MOA
Definition
react and inactivate eachother
Term
organophosphates (pesticides)
Definition
atropine
pralidoxime
Term
TCAs
Definition
bicarbonate
sodium
Term
quinidine
Definition
bicarbonate
sodium
Term
bicarbonate, sodium MOA
Definition
reverses cardiotoxic effects (wide QRS, hypotension)
Term
antimuscarinic agents
Definition
physostigmine
Term
anticholinergic agents
Definition
physostigmine
Term
physostigmine MOA
Definition
lasts 30-60 min
dose may need to be repeated
Term
effects of lead poisoning
Definition
-affects neurocognitive function (hearing, fatigue, headache)
-affects developing CNS of fetus/children
-low dietary calcium
-iron deficiency
Term
Lead interferes with the action of what elements?
Definition
calcium
iron
zinc
Term
How is lead absorbed?
Definition
through GI and respiratory tracts
Term
Lead is bound to _________ and distributed to _______ and ________.
Definition
erythrocytes
soft tissue; bone
Term
lead level of concern for adults
Definition
>25 mcg/dL
Term
lead level of concern for children
Definition
>10 mcg/dL
Term
Where is the primary site of absorption of mercury where elemental form is absorbed?
Definition
lungs
Term
Where is organic alkylmercury absorbed?
Definition
Gi tract
lungs
skin
Term
mercury poisoning symptom triad
Definition
tremor
neuropsychiatric disturbance
gingivostomatitis
Term
What can mercury during pregnancy cause?
Definition
mental retardation
cerebral palsy-like syndrome
(even in small amounts)
Term
guidelines for mercury consumption for pregnant women
Definition
no more than 12 oz. or 2 meals per week of fish of low mercury levels
Term
fish to avoid for moms, kids, and babies
Definition
swordfish
king mackerel
tilefish
shark
tuna
Term
What fish are safe to eat?
Definition
tilapia
salmon
catfish
Term
chelation
Definition
binds molecules and facilitates excretion
Term
Ipecac
Definition
GI intervention for poisoning if ingestion occurred within 1 hour
Term
How long does it take for Ipecac to work?
Definition
18-22 min
Term
Ipecac contraindications
Definition
< 9 months old
pregnancy
no gag reflex
corrosive ingestion
hx of seizures
Term
When do you use gastric lavage?
Definition
ingestion within 4 hours (although better within 1 hour)
Term
gastric lavage contraindication
Definition
acidic or alkaline ingestion
Term
Do not give _________ to someone who will get charcoal.
Definition
Ipecac
Term
How do you give activated charcoal?
Definition
1g/kg
keep giving every 4 hours
Term
What does activated charcoal not work on?
Definition
lithium, iron, potassium, ethanol, cyanide, strong acids and bases, hydrocarbons
Term
What is alkaline diuresis used for?
Definition
effective in barbiturate and salicylate ingestions

giving bicarbonate helps enhance elimination of weak acids
Term
What is hemodialysis used for?
Definition
low molecular weight water soluble molecules (ex: salicylates, alcohols, amphetamines, phenobarbital, lithium, theophylline, thicyanate)
Term
What is hemoperfusion used for?
Definition
barbiturates, salicylates, theophylline

essentially takes blood through charcoal filter and puts it back in the body
Term
What do you need to remember when treating a possible poisoning/overdose?
Definition
TREAT THE PATIENT FIRST, THEN THE POISON!

ABCs: airway, breathing, circulation
Term
most common causes of death from poisoning
Definition
aspiration
respiratory arrest
hypotension
hypovolemia
cardiac arrhythmias
hypoxia
Term
What types of drugs more readily cross the placenta?
Definition
lipophilic and smaller drugs
Term
category A
Definition
controlled studies failed to show risk in 1st trimester
Term
category B
Definition
no studies done in women, but studies done in animals showed no teratogenic effects
Term
category C
Definition
risk in animals
no studies in women performed
no one knows
benefits must outweigh risks
Term
category D
Definition
evidence of risk in humans
benefits must outweigh risks
Term
category X
Definition
completely contraindicated
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