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Details Title: PID/STI/PATH Description: 4.25.07 Total Flash Cards: 19 Created: 04/29/2007 11:23:14	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term what causes Syphilis? Definition treponema pallidum bacteria Term what do you see with early syph? Definition open sores or chancre. chronic inflammation, no skin. Term trichomonas? Definition Trichomonas vaginalis, an anaerobic, parasitic flagellated protozoan, is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and is the most common pathogenic protozoan infection of humans in industrialized countries. Trichomoniasis can occur in females (males rarely exhibit any symptoms of a T. vaginalis infection) if the normal acidity of the vagina is shifted from a healthy, semi-acidic pH (3.8 - 4.2) to a much more basic one (5 - 6) that is conducive to T. vaginalis growth. Some of the symptoms of T. vaginalis include: preterm delivery, low birth weight, and increased mortality as well as predisposing to HIV infection, AIDS, and cervical cancer.[5] T. vaginalis has also been reported in the urinary tract, fallopian tubes, and pelvis and can cause pneumonia, bronchitis, and oral lesions. Other symptoms include inflammation with increasing number of organisms, greenish-yellow frothy vaginal secretions and itching. Term what does your cervix look like with trichomonas? Definition A 'strawberry' cervix Term herpes simplex virus (HSV) Definition After an initial, or primary, infection, HSV establishes latency, during which the virus is present in the cell bodies of nerves which innervate the area of original outbreak. During reactivation, virus is produced in the cell and transported outwardly via the nerve cell's axon to the skin.[1] The ability of Herpes virus to establish latency leads to the chronic nature of Herpes infection; after the initial infection subsides, Herpes symptoms may periodically recur in the form of outbreaks of herpetic sores near the site of original infection. Herpes infections are marked by painful, watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes (such as the mouth or lips) or on the genitals. The blisters resemble those seen in Chickenpox — an infection caused by a third member of the alpha-Herpesviridae subfamily, Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), also known as Human Herpes Virus 3 (HHV-3). Lesions heal with a crudescent scab, the hallmark of herpetic disease. Herpes is contagious if the carrier is producing and releasing ("shedding") virus. This is particularly likely during an outbreak, although individuals may shed virus between outbreaks. Although no cure is yet available, treatments exist which reduce the likelihood of viral shedding. An HSV infection on the lips is commonly known as a "cold sore" or "fever blister" and should not to be confused with a canker sore; canker sores are not caused by the HSV virus. Term what kind of genital warts do you see with HPV? Definition calliflower like., cellular changes involve enlarged nuclei. Term what are symptoms of chlamydia? Definition Men: Non-gonococcal urethritis; Epididymitis. Women: Cervicitis; Endometritis; Salpingitis; Infertility Term what causes infective salpingitis? Definition Disease of young, sexually active women 70% under age 25; Other predisposing factors include Method of contraception (barrier); Induced abortion; Instrumentation of the cervix Term what organisms are responsible for infective salpingitis? Definition Organisms responsible: Neisseria gonorrheae; Chlamydia trachomatis (ascending salpingitis); Other: anaerobic bacteria, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Hemophilus influenzae, group A streptococci Term How is the infection spread in infective salpingitis? Definition Canalicular spread from lower to upper genital tract; Through cervical canal and endometrial cavity into fallopian tubes; Salpingitis begins as mucosal infection Term acute salpingitis? Definition most women have no symptoms at first. However, it can spread upwards, causing scarring or blockage of tubes. In acute, you'll get Tubes swollen, edematous, congested and hyperemic. On a microscopic level in the acute, you;ll get puss in neutrophilic infiltrate. Term how do you progress from actue to chronic salpingitis? Definition Several courses: 1. Fimbrial end remains patent: Chronic interstitial salpingitis; Tube thickened; Plicae fused together – follicular salpingitis. 2. Spread to ovary Tubo-ovarian abscess 3. Occlusion of the fimbriated end Prevents release of tubal content Pyosalpinx Exudate replaced by clear fluid, leading to Hydrosalpinx with a dialated, fused FT Term what are the sequale of follicular salpingitis? Definition plicae are fused together (so no more "fingers) forming cystic, glandular structures. the lomen is no more. Term what do you get in a tubo-ovarian abscess? Definition ovary turned into a sac filled with pus and an inflammed fallopian tube. Term tubo-ovaria mass? Definition Chronic tubo-ovarian abscess forming a tubo-ovarian mass: Abscess healing with fibrosis and forming a cystic adnexal mass Term describe PID Definition Chronic salpingitis with involvement of surrounding structures including ovary and parametrium; Remissions and exacerbations; Difficult to eliminate; May require surgery; Pathology: Sequelae of chronic salpingitis, and; Adhesions on surface of tube, often spreading to serosa of uterine serosa and ovaries, bilateral hydrosalpinx. Term PID and IUD use: Definition Main effect of IUD: Induce local inflammatory reaction in endometrium that spreads to involve entire genital tract (luminal transmission) Result: Fertilization of ova in tube occurs at much lower rate; Early studies suggested increased rate of PID Recent studies with new devices: no increased rate of PID or ectopic pregnancy Association with infection by Actinomyces israelii (uncommon in absence of IUD) Related to length of IUD use, not to IUD type Most cases in women with IUD for ≥ 3 years Tubo-ovarian abscess may result Term ectopic pregnancy? Definition Implantation occurs outside of uterine cavity: Tube; Ovary; Abdominal cavity. Most commonly in the ampulla of the FT. The tube is focally distended. Peritoneal surface is conjested, the lumen contains blood. Predisposing factor – impaired ability of tube to transport the fertilized ovum: Failed sterilization; Reconstructive tubal surgery; Postinflammatory damage of tube Term what is natural history of a tubal pregnancy? Definition Earliest stages similar to intrauterine implantation Complications soon supersede Tubal abortion Expelled from fimbrial end of tube Tubal hemorrhage Decidual change is focal and poorly developed – cannot buffer trophoblastic invasion of vessels Tubal rupture About 50% of tubal pregnancies Limited distensibility of tube Transmural trophoblastic invasion Acute onset, intraabdominal hemorrhage, acute abdomen