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Phys. Skeletal muscle metabolism
Phs exam 1
33
Physiology
Graduate
09/04/2010

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Term
For the first 15 seconds of activity skeletal muscle can phosphorylate ___ with ___ ___ creating ___ and ____. This does/does not require oxygen.
Definition
- ADP
- creatine phosphate
- ATP
- creatine
- does not
Term
once you've been working out really hard, and there is not any oxygen availabe, ___ can be broken down into ___ which then goes through ___ which makes ____ ___, and ___ ___ which gets converted into __ ___ which makes your muscles sore.
Definition
NO OXYGEN
- glycogen
- glucose
- glycolysis
- 2 ATP
- pyruvic acid
- lactic acid
- can work for 30 - 60 seconds
Term
With aerobic respiration, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain all occur, which produces __ ___ per glucose, ___, and ___. this can go on for hours.
Definition
- 38 ATP
- CO2
- H2O
Term
when lactic acid builds up ___ gets shut down> muscle fatigue
Definition
- glycolysis
Term
White fast twitch muscles have less ___ so are more prone to ____ mechanism where only ___ provides ATP.
Definition
- mitochondria
- anaerobic
- glycolyis > 2 ATP
Term
Red slow twitch muscles have more ___ and thus perform ____ ___.
Definition
- mitochondria
- aerobic
Term
ATP hydrolysis can make ___ muscle twitches. CP can producing ATP can make ___ muscle twitches. Anaerobic respiration can make ___ muscle twithces. Aerobic muscle twitches can make __ muscle twitches.
Definition
- ATP> 10
- CP>70
- Anaerobic> 670
- Aerobic> 12000
Term
for surge of power activities like weight lifting, diving, and sprinting, what energy source would you use?
Definition
ATP and CP - 15 seconds
Term
For on and off burst like activities like tennis, 100 m swim, and soccer you would use:
Definition
- anaerobic respiration> bulid up of lactic acid
Term
for prolonged endurance activities like marathons and jogging and you would use:
Definition
aerobic mechanisms
Term
Anaerobic glycolysis kicks in when muscle contractily reaches ___% of maximum. When this happens what else is going on?
Definition
70%
- buldging muscles are compressing blood vessels
- oxygen delivery is impaired
- pyruvic acid > lactic acid> bloodstream> used by liver, kidney, and heart as energy> is converted back into pyruvic acid by liver
Term
what are the 3 categories of muscle fiber types?
Definition
- Slow Oxidative (red)
- Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic (intermediate, red)
- Fast Glycolytic (fast, white)
Term
Slow oxidative red muscle has ___ myosin ATPase, slow ___ pumps, but more ___ and more ____.
Definition
- slow myosin atpase
- slow calcium pumps
- more mitochondrai
- more myoglobin
Term
slow oxidative red think red b/c more mitochondria and more myoglobin
Definition
Term
Fast glycolytic muscle fibers have more/less mitochondria and what color are they?
Definition
- less
- white
Term
what fibers are recruited first, what fibers are recruited last?
Definition
- Slow oxidative red fibers are recruited first
- Fast glycolytic red fibers are recruited last
Term
what type of muscle fiber has most glycogen storage? the least?
Definition
- Fast glycolytic white has most glycogen stores

- Slow oxidative red has least glycogen stores
-
Term
which type of fiber could be considered fatigue resistant?
Definition
- Slow oxidative red fibers
Term
what type of fibers have the most capillaires? the least?
Definition
- most: Slow oxidative red
- least: Fast glycolytic white
Term
define Type I, Type IIA, Type IIB:
Definition
Type I: Slow oxidative red
Type IIA: Fast oxidative glycolytic pinnk
Type IIB: Fast glycolytic
Term
how can you increase force of contraction?
Definition
- stimulate more motor units
Term
force of muscle contraction is affected by:
Definition
- number of muscle fibers contracting
- frequency of nerve stimulation
- relative size of muscle fiber (bigger fiber= greater force of contraction)
- degree of muscle stretch- muscles contract at their strongest when 80-120% of resting length
Term
muscles contract at their strongest when they are how long?
Definition
80% to 120% their normal resting length
Term
passive tension:
Definition
Tension measured in muscle in relaxed state (not activated by nerve, no crossbridge cycling) – due to preload stretch of series and connective elastic elements
Term
the more you stretch, the more force you generate b/c:
Definition
-you get more overlap b/w thick and thin filaments
Term
but if you overstretch there is not enough overlap so you get less active tension
Definition
Term
optimum length of sarcomre is 2.2 microns
Definition
Term
the optimal length of muscle being 80 to 120% of its resting lenght is maintained in vivo by how muscles are attached to bones.
Definition
Term
you cannot contract shortly after strongly contracting b/c there is too much overlap still b/w the thick and thin filaments and the sarcomere is still too squished together. In this case the Z discs abut the thick filaments and thin filaments touch and interfere with each other.
Definition
Term
when we lift a weight, ___ ___ determines how many muscle fibers need to be stimulated for that load. when we try and lift something huge, we over power this and stimulate all fibers at once.
Definition
- internal mechanism
Term
A fast sprinter is genetically predisopsed to be a faster runner b/c he was born with more of what kind of fibers?
Definition
- fast glycolytic white
Term
velocity of muscle contraction is controlled by what fibers? Duration of contraction is controlled by what fibers?
Definition
- velocity- fast glycolytic white
- duration- slow oxidative red
Term
look at slide 111 and 112 on skeletal muscle lecture and memorize
Definition
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