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Physiology of Aging
Midterm
46
Anatomy
Graduate
07/16/2012

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Cards

Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in:
Definition
HRmax
SV
Cardiac Output
Myocardial ATPase
Myocardial Contractility
Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in HR max due to
Definition
decrease in synpathetic nervous system activity and changes in cardiac conduction
Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decrease in SV due to
Definition
increased total peripheral resistance and decrease left ventriculat contractility. Also decreased muscle and heart volume
Term
CV Function
Central Factors
Decreased Cardiac Output due to
Definition
decreased HRmax and Stroke volume max
Term
CV Function
Peripheral Factors
Decrease in
Definition
Capillary to fiber ratio
Muscle mass
Arterial cross section
Elasticity of blood vessels
Term
External respiration changes
Definition
Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume
Residual volume increase
RV:TLC increase
VEmax decreases after amturity
Elasticity in lung tissue and chest walls decreases
Term
Reach maximum strength between __ and ___ yrs
Definition
20 and 30
Term
Decrease of ___ after age ___ and accelerates after age ___
Definition
16.5%; 30; 65
Term
Strength loss is related to
Definition
Decrease in muscle mass
loss of muscle volume
decrease in total protein of muscle
total size and muscle fibers decrease
percentage of ST muscle fibers increase
fatigability related to decrease in enzymes and size of mitochondria
Term
The decrease in AP of muscle effects
Definition
force of contraction
speed of contraction
relaxation
strength
increase in fatigability
Term
Components of wellness
Definition
CV Endurance
Body comp
Muscular strength and endurance
Muscular flexibility
Term
Lifestyle change model
Definition
Assess Behavior
Set specific, realistic goals
Formulate intervention strategy
Evaluate Progress
Term
Basic theories on aging
Definition
1. Result of accumulation of random injuries and events
2. Result of genetically controlled developmental program, or built in self destructive
Term
Free radical theory
Definition
Free radicals are produced when food is metabolized. FR travel through body causing problems
Term
Free radicals may:
Definition
Bind to cell organelles
react with lipids effecting cell membrane permeability
produce more FR in chain reaction
Cause mutation of chromosomes and cause changes in proteins
Term
Cross-Linking Theory
Definition
Irreversible aging of certain proteins is responsible for the failure of tissues and organs
Term
Crosslinking of ___ causes
Definition
Collagen and other large proteins causes a stiffening of tissues and decreases access of white blood cells, nutrition, inhibits cell growth and results in failure to dispose of toxins
Term
Accumulated waste theory
Definition
Some waste products such as lipofusions slowly accumulate in the cell
Term
Destructive Mutation Theory
Definition
As people age, natural exposure to the environment results in progressively increasing in numbers of mutations being incorporated into their bodys cells

Most mutations cause poorer performance of cells
Term
Autoimmune Theory
Definition
the body loses the ability to distinguish between its own proteins and foreign ones and begins to attack its own tissues
Term
Immune System failure Theory
Definition
Immune response declines with age
The body's ability to fight infection declines
Term
Hormonal Theory
Definition
Decline in hormonal function contributing to aging process
Term
Dimensions of frailty
Definition
Time
Disease
Disuse
Term
Changes in contractile properties of muscle
Definition
Decrease in: force
speed of contraction
contraction velocity
relaxation time (1/2)
Increase in fatigability
Term
Circulatory exercise benefits
Increases
Definition
Cardiac Output
cardiac efficiency
HDL/Cholesterol ratios
Blood Vessel diameter
Muscle capillaries
Term
Circulatory exercise benefits
Decreases
Definition
resting and exercise BP
Heartbeat abnormalities
Term
Respiratory exercise benefits
Definition
Increases clearance of mucous and respiratory efficiency
Slows decline in respiratory functioning and closing of airways
Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Increases
Definition
formations of new axon branches to orphaned muscle cells
Speed of impulse processing by the CNS
Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Improves
Definition
balance, short-term memory, sleep, possibly mental abilities
Term
Nervous system exercise benefits
Decreases
Definition
variability in speed of AP in motor neurons
risk of falling
Term
Muscular exercise benefits
Increases
Definition
Oxidative enzymes
Stored glycogen
Capillar numbers
Blood flow
Oxygen uptake
Muscle strength
Muscle mass
Speed of Movement
Stamina
Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Increases
Definition
Ease of Movement
range of movement
joint flexibility
Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Slows
Definition
bone demineralization
Term
Skeletal exercise benefits
Decreases
Definition
risk of fall and sustaining fractures
Term
Endocrine exercise benefits
Definition
increases glucose tolerance and sensitivity to insulin
Slows decline in growth hormones
Term
Exercise benefits for falling
Definition
Strengthens leg and back muscles
Enhances reflex and motor synergy
Improves Gait
Increases flexibility
Improves mobility to avoid unexpected threats
Term
Factors that could contribute or falling
Definition
Disease
Medications
Illness
Decreases Joint Motion, Strength Endurance
Gait deviations
Environmental Hazards
Feelings of instability
Proprioceptive, Vestibular, Vision Loss
Prior falls
Term
Changes in VO2Max with aging
Definition
Decrease in :
Closing volume
Lung Compliance and elasticity
Respiratory muscle strength and endurance
Decrease in ventricular filling and ejection fraction
Decrease in Myocardial compliance and elasticity
Term
Bone loss is acomplished by
Definition
Reabsorption of inner surface of bones
Decrease in deposition of new bone on outside
Term
Types of fractures
Definition
Normal and Pathologic
Term
Normal fractures
Definition
Abnormal stress is placed on the bone
Term
Pathologic fractures
Definition
Results from abnormalities within the bone causing weakness
Term
Osteoporosis
Definition
decrease bone mass
Term
Kinds of bone lost in osteoporosis
Definition
Compact and spongy bone
Term
Symptoms of osteoporosis
Definition
Pain
Bone Deformity
Fractures
Kyphosis
Term
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Definition
Family history, Small stature, Women > men, early menopause, late menarche, nulliparity, low dietary Ca, gastrectomy, RA, parkinsons
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