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Physiology for Psychology
Childhood Trauma, Schizophrenia, Depression, Personality
34
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
05/03/2011

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Cards

Term
A study conducted by the CDC and Emory University identified childhood trauma as a significant risk factor for _________.
Definition
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome with Hypocortisolism
Term

Studies of the prevalence of trauma abuse show that:

More _____ than _____ abuse survivors have alcoholism

Definition
More MEN than WOMEN abuse survivors have alcoholism
Term

Studies of the prevalence of trauma abuse show that:

More _____ than _____ abuse survivors have conduct disorder

Definition
More MEN than WOMEN abuse survivors have conduct disorder
Term

According to results from the ACE Study:

_____________ who reported being sexually abused were more at risk for marrying an alcoholic and having current marital problems

Definition
MEN and WOMEN who reported being sexually abused were more at risk for marrying an alcoholic and having current marital problems
Term
Combat veterans with a history of exposure to early trauma were found to have a reduction in _____ hippocampal volume measured with a MRI
Definition
RIGHT hippocampal volume measured with a MRI
Term
In a study, it was found that there was significant _____ hippocampal volume reduction in 21 women who reported childhood sexual abuse.
Definition
LEFT hippocampal volume reduction in 21 women who reported childhood sexual abuse.
Term
Ridges on the outer surface of the cerebral cortex are called _________
Definition
Gyri
Term
Somatosensory cortex is localized in the _____ lobe
Definition
parietal lobe
Term
The hemispheres are physically connected at areas called commissures, and the largest of these connections is called the _______
Definition
Corpus Callosum
Term

The limbic system is composed of:

 

Definition
hippocampus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, amygdala, cingulated gyrus
Term
The auditory cortex is localized in the ______ lobe
Definition
temporal lobe
Term
Some health consequences of an impaired stress responsive HPA system include:
Definition

- obseity, metabolic syndrome

- cardiovascular disease

- autoimmune disorders

- diminshed bone density

Term
Allostatic load is associated with failure to ________, failure to _________, and failure to _________
Definition
Allostatic load is associated with failure to SHUT OFF PRODUCTION OF CORTISOL, failure to HABITUATE TO REPEATED CHALLENGES, and failure to MOUNT AN ADEQUATE RESPONSE TO A CHALLENGE
Term
"Neurobiology of Fear" showed that activity in the prefrontal cortex _______ when human offspring are 7 to 12 months of age. They also become more adept at what is called ______; they regulate their level of fear based on the expressions they observe
Definition
INCREASES when human offspring are 7 to 12 months of age. They also become more adept at what is called SOCIAL REFERENCING; they regulate their level of fear based on the expressions they observe
Term
"Neurobiology of Fear" Monkeys that started off with relatively low levels of cortisol, ______ with ______
Definition
FROZE FOR SHORTER PERIODS THAN DID THEIR COUNTER PARTS  with HIGHER CORTISOL LEVELS
Term
"Neurobiology of Fear" They measured cortisol concentrations in saliva of youngsters at home and then observed the children confronting an unfamiliar situation in the lab; and _____ basal cortisol levels were associated with _____ inhibition in the strange setting
Definition
HIGH basal cortisol levels were associated with GREATER inhibition in the strange setting
Term
"Decoding Schizophrenia" investigators have applied gene chips to study rain tissue and determined that many genes important to signal transmission across synapes are _____ active in schizophrenics
Definition
Less
Term
"Decoding Schizophrenia" brain imaging studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia have _____ brains than unaffected individuals
Definition
Smaller
Term
Phenothiazines are a class of medication that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by:
Definition
Blocking the function of dopamine receptors
Term
PCP induces symptoms that resmeble the full range of schizophrenia's manifestations. More recent studies show that ketamine produces even more similarites. Among those are:
Definition

Difficulty thinking abstractly

Learning New Information

Withdrawl

Term
The amygdala may enhance and direct our perception and attention reguarding emotions such as pleasure or disgust and:
Definition

Helps confer emotional significance on a wide range of experiences

 

Plays a key role in establishing salience

Term
When spiking mice's drinking water with corticosterone under two conditions, they found that:
Definition
Mice who drank the spiked water day after day were more hesistant to enter exposed space
Term
"Decoding Schizophrenia" in the past theories have focused on the neurotransmitter ______, but in recent years _____ has been more studied
Definition

Dopamine

 

Glutamate

Term
Patients with schizophrenia often have enlarged:
Definition
Cranial Ventricles
Term

When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shown to have

______ function of the prefrontal area compared with ______

Definition

When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shown to have

DECREASED function of the prefrontal area compared with NORMALS

Term
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia states that:
Definition
enhanced activity of the brain's dopaminergic system is directly responsible for the symptoms
Term
Many enviornmental factors play a role in schizophrenia including:
Definition

Malnutrition in the womb

Exposure to viruses

Stressful enviornments

 

(NOT NEUREGULIN?)

Term
When compared to normals, people with schizophrenia are shwon to have:
Definition

less metabolic activity

diminshed gray matter volume

Term
Definition of trauma includes:
Definition

seriously threatens the health or survival of the individual

renders the individual powerless in the face of overwhelming fear or arousal

overwhelms the individual's coping capacity

violates basic assumptions about the enviornment's safety

Term
Early exposure to trauma is associated with
Definition

greater psychiatric symptom severity

more somatization

greater incidence of autoimmune disease

 

Term
Studies examining the effects of childhood trauma on the hippocampus and memory have found survivors of childhood physical abused suffered decifits in STM that was correlated with level of absued and a reduction in ____ hippocampal volume
Definition
Left
Term
The role of the hypothalamus is:
Definition
the widespread connections with the rest of the forebrain and midbrain and controls the pituitary
Term
laminae of human cerebral cortex
Definition

are parallel to the surface of the cortex and separated from each other by layers of fibers.

celles of the cortex are organized into columns of cells with similar properties arranged perpendicular to laminae.

Are arranged by lobes that have been identified based on similarities in laminae

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