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Physical Science for Teachers
For NS 1010 CNM
29
Science
Not Applicable
10/08/2013

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Cards

Term
Minerals
Definition
Minerals are building blocks of rocks. Most rocks are one or more kinds of minerals.
Term
Element
Definition
Elements are building blocks of minerals. Most minerals are made of more than one element.
Term
Crystalline
Definition
Made of Crystal-ordered array of atoms-they have to be in a specific arrangement.
Term
Physical Properties of Minerals
Definition

1. Crystal Form-orderly arrangement of atoms. Every mineral has its own unique crystal form. 

2. Hardness-resistance of mineral to being scratched or its ability to scratch other minerals. (Mohs Scale of Hardness)

3. Cleavage-tendency for a mineral to break along a plane of weakness

4. Luster-the appearance of the mineral's surface as it reflects light. 

5. Color-Most obvious, least reliable. Streak-color will always streak (powdered form) the same color. 

6. Specific gravity-density. How heavy something feels for its size. 

Term
Mohs Scale of Hardness
Definition
Shows how hard a mineral is. 1-10. 1 soft 10-hard (diamond)
Term
Polymorph
Definition
two or more minerals that contain same elements in same proportions but have different crystal structure. Graphite and diamonds are an example. They way they bond is different, but same elements, same amounts.
Term
Fracture
Definition
a break anywhere, not on a cleavage plane
Term
Types of Rocks
Definition

1. Igneous

2. Sedimentary

3. Metamorphic

Term
Igneous
Definition
Volcanic rock, formed from the cooling and crytallization of magma or lava.
Term
Magma
Definition
Liquid Rock on inside of Earth's surface.
Term
Lava
Definition
Melted Rock outside Earth's surface.
Term
Melting point
Definition
Point at which a substance changes from solid to liquid.
Term
Factors that affect a rock's melting point
Definition

1. The pressure place on the rock. Must be a ot greater temperature for high pressure. 

2. Amount of water trapped in the rock. Hight water content=lower tempt to melt as the water has a low melting point (33 degrees)

Term
Igneous Rock formations
Definition

1. Extrusive-form at Earth's surface

Fissure eruption-outpouring of basaltic lava, occurring usually on ocean floor. El Malpais is example of one not under ocean.

Volcanoes-shield-built by a steady supply of very fluid lavea with gentle slope. (Mauna Loa)

Cinder cone-very steep, rarely rise above 300m or 900 ft. Abq volcanoes

Composite Volcano-very violent eruption, very thick magma-Mt. St. Helens 

2. Intrusive-form beneath Earth's surface.  

Granite is intruisive rock. Magma flows up crack from underneath, discovered after uplift and erosion have occurred. 

Term
Pluton
Definition
Igneous Rock formation like Shiprock
Term
Sedimentary Rock
Definition

Forms from weathering and erosion of pre-existing rock. 

Mechanical-physical breaking rock into smaller pieces from wind, boulders falling or heating and cooling. 

Term
Chemical Rock change
Definition
Reactions with water decomposes rock into smaller pieces.
Term
Types of Sedimentary rock
Definition

Clastic-composed of small fragments of pre-existing rocks. (Most form in water)

Sandstone and conglomerate

 

Chemical

Term
Compaction
Definition
As the weight of the overlying sediment presses down upon deeper layers, sediment grains are squeezed and compacted together.
Term
Cementation
Definition
As the sediment grains are squeezed together, water seeps out throught the spaces between the rocks and cements them together.
Term
Clastic-Conglomerate
Definition
Term
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Definition
Formed by the precipitation of minerals from water.
Term
Carbonate
Definition

Form from biological activity-where petroleum products are. Coal/Oil

Exoskeletons are carbonates, are deposited and compact, then fossilize. fossils are in sedimentary rock. 

Term
Evaporite
Definition
Formed when a salt or saline lake or body of water evaporates-like salt, halite, gypsum
Term
Rock Cycle
Definition
Series of changes rocks can go through, changing from one type to another. Igneous to sedimentary or metamorphic. Sedimentary to metamorphic or igneous. Metamorphic to igneous or sedimentary.
Term
Metamorphic Rock
Definition
Form when igneous, sedimentary or other metamporphic rocks undergo change.
Term
Recrystallization
Definition
Occurs when rocks are subjected to high temperatures and go through a change in mineral assemblage. Closer to mantle, some kinds of heat source, partial melting, creates totally new rock.
Term
Mechanical Deformation
Definition
metamorphic rock occurs when rocks are subjected to stress, tremendous amounts of pressure, or heat and pressure. Look like they've been cooked. Marble is metmorphic limestone.
Term
Crystal Form
Definition
Orderly internal arrangement of atoms in a crystal.
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