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physical chemistry
chapters 1 and 2
31
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
09/14/2011

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Term
Pressure
Definition
pressure equals force divided by the area p=F/A
Term
Temperature
Definition
in science it is always measured in Kelvin (Celsius + 273.15 = Kelvin)
Term
Equation of state for perfect gases
Definition
pV=nRT, at constant temperature boyles law p=1/V
Term
Thermal equilibrium
Definition
When two bodies in contact have the same temperature and there is no net flow of energery between them
Term
Isotherms
Definition
Each constant temperature curve on a graph of pressure versus inverse of volume (p = 1/V)
Term
Isobars
Definition
represent change in atmospheric pressure on a weather map, in increments of 4 mbar or 400pa
Term
Compression factor
Definition
Z=Vm/Vm(perfect) // Vm = V/n = RT/p (this is molar volume equation volume divided by number of moles in that volume or R x temp divided by pressure) Z=pVm/RT
Term
Van der Waals equation of state
Definition
p=(nRT/(V-nb))-a(n/V)^2 p=(RT/Vm-b)-a/Vm^2
Term
potential energy vs particle separation
Definition
potential energy = mass x gravity x height gravity=9.81 m s^-2 Coulomb potential energy = Q1Q2/4 x pi x r
Term
attractive and repulsive forces
Definition
Term
critical temperature Tc
Definition
The temperature at which a gaseous state transforms continuously into the condensed state and at no stage is there a visible surface between the two states of matter (a gas cannont be condensed to a liquid by the application of pressure unless the temperature is below the critical temperature) vapour is the gaseous phase of a substance below its critical temperature
Term
critical constants Tc,pc,Vc
Definition
All three of these temperature pressure and volume make up the critical constants
Term
closed systems
Definition
can exchange energy but not matter with its surroundings
Term
work w
Definition
a system does work when it causes motion against an opposing force w=mgh (mass x gravity x height) expansion work = p(external) x hA = p(external) x dV Work=-nRTln(Vfinal/Vinitial) Work=pdV (pressure x delta volume)
Term
heat q
Definition
the process of transferring energy as a result of a temperature difference between the system and its surrounding q heat capacity c=q/dT or q=c x dT
Term
internal energy U=q+w
Definition
internal energy (U) = heat + work heat (q)=
Term
diathermic boundaries
Definition
Walls/boundaries that permit heating as a mode of transfer of energy
Term
exothermic processes
Definition
a process in a system that releases energy as heat
Term
first law of thermodynamics
Definition
The internal energy of an isolated system is constant
Term
expansion work against constant pressure
Definition
Term
expansion work for isothermal reversible process
Definition
Term
Hydrostatic pressure
Definition
hydrostatic pressure = denstiy x height x gravity density = mass/volume
Term
Equation of state for real gases
Definition
Term
good to know
Definition
1 J = 1 Pa m^3
Term
adiabatic boundaries
Definition
Walls/boundaries that do not permit heating even though there is a difference in temperature on both sides
Term
endothermic process
Definition
a process in a system that absorbs energy as heat
Term
open system
Definition
can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings
Term
isolated system
Definition
can exchange neither matter nor energy with its surroundings
Term
Force
Definition
pressure x area
Term
partial pressure
Definition
xj = nj/n partial pressure = amount of j molecules in the mixture divided by the total amount
Term
Maxwell distribution
Definition
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