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Phys Test One BRS Ch. 3
Phys Test One BRS Ch. 3
112
Physiology
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01/13/2013

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Term
Cardiac output from the left side of the heart is ____ blood flow.
Definition
Systemic
Term
Cardiac output from the left side of the heart is ____ blood flow.
Definition
Pulmonary
Term
Valve dividing left A. from left V.?
Definition
Mitral
Term
Valve dividing left V. from Aorta?
Definition
Aortic Valve
Term
Valve dividing Right A. from Right V.?
Definition
Tricuspid
Term
Valve dividing Right V. from Pulmonary Artery?
Definition
Pulmonic Valve
Term
Arteries are under ____ pressure.
Definition
High
Term
The blood volume contained in the Arteries is called the ______.
Definition
Stressed Volume
Term
______ are the site of the highest resistance in the cardiovascular system.
Definition
Arterioles
Term
____ are the smallest branches of the arteries.
Definition
Arterioles
Term
Arteriolar Resistance (Arterioles) is regulated by the ______.
Definition
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System)
Term
________ receptors are found on the arterioles of the skin, splanchnic, and renal circulations.
Definition
alpha1-Adrenergic
Term
_________ receptors are found on the arterioles of skeletal muscle.
Definition
Beta2-Adrenergic
Term
______ have the largest total cross-sectional and surface area.
Definition
Capillaries
Term
Venules are formed from _____.
Definition
Merged Capillaries
Term
Veins are ____ walled.
Definition
thin
Term
Veins are under ____ pressure.
Definition
Low
Term
The blood volume contained in the veins is called the ______.
Definition
Unstressed volume
Term
Velocity of blood flow equation: _______.
Definition
v = Q/A

Q= Blood Flow (mL/min)
A= Cross sectional area
Term
Velocity of blood flow is directly proportional to ______ and inversely proportional to ________.
Definition
Blood Flow

Cross Sectional Area
Term
Who has higher cross sectional area, aorta or capillaries?
Definition
Capillaries so blood flow is slower there
Term
Cardiac Output aka ______.
Definition
Flow
Term
Cardiac Output (Flow) can be calculated using the equation: ________.
Definition
Q = Delta P/R

Delta P = Pressure Gradient
R = Resistance

Cardiac Output = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Right Atrial Pressure)/ Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)
Term
The equation for blood flow (cardiac output) is analogous to Ohm's Law for electrical circuits: ______.
Definition
I = V/R
Term
______ drives blood flow.
Definition
Delta P, the pressure Gradient
Term
Blood flows from ____ pressure to _____ pressure.
Definition
High to low
Term
Blood Flow is inversely proportional to the _________ of blood vessels.
Definition
Resistance
Term
Does length of a blood vessel, increase or decrease resistance (R)?
Definition
Increase
Term
Does radius of a blood vessel, increase or decrease resistance (R)?
Definition
Decrease
Term
Does viscosity of blood, increase or decrease resistance (R)?
Definition
Increase
Term
Resistance is inversely proportional to the ____ power of the radius of the vessel.
Definition
4th
Term
______ resistance is illustrated by system circulation.
Definition
Parallel Resitance
Term
In parallel resistance of system circulation, each organ is supplied by a branch of f of the _____, so total resistance is = to _____.
Definition
Aorta

1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 ...
Term
The total resistance is ___ than the resistance of any of the individual arteries.
Definition
Less Than
Term
When an artery is added in parallel, the total resistance _______.
Definition
Decreases
Term
In each parallel artery the pressure is ______.
Definition
the same
Term
Series Resistance is illustrated by the arrangement of vessels ______.
Definition
within a organ
Term
The formula for total series resistance as seen within a organ is ______.
Definition
Rtotal = Rartery + Rarteriole + Rcapillaries
Term
Rartery, Rarteriole, Rcapillaries, which has the highest resistance?
Definition
Arterioles
Term
Each blood vessel (artery) or set of blood vessels (capillaries) in series receives the same _____.
Definition
total blood flow
Term
_______ is streamlined (in a straight line); _____ flow is not.
Definition
Laminar Flow

Turbulent Flow
Term
_____ predicts whether blood flow will be laminar or turbulent flow.
Definition
Reynolds number
Term
When Reynolds number is increased there is a greater tendency for ______.
Definition
turbulence
Term
Turbulence results in audible vibrations called, _____.
Definition
bruits
Term
Factors that increase turbulence & therefore Reynolds Number: ________.
Definition
Decrease in blood viscosity
Increase in blood Velocity
Term
A decrease in blood viscosity can result from a (increase/decrease) in hematocrit, or from the condition ______.
Definition
decrease

anemia
Term
Hematocrit is the % of _____.
Definition
RBCs
Term
_____ is a consequence of the fact that blood travels at different velocities within a blood vessel.
Definition
Sheer
Term
Shear results in the velocity of blood being ____ at the vessel wall and _____ at the center of the vessel.
Definition
0

Highest
Term
Shear is highest at the _______, where the difference in blood velocity is the ______.
Definition
Vessel Walls

Greatest
Term
Shear is lowest at the _______, where blood velocity is ______.
Definition
center of the vessel

constant
Term
Capacitance (Compliance) describes the ______ of blood vessels.
Definition
Distensibility
Term
Capacitance (Compliance) is inversely related to _____.
Definition
Elastance or Stiffness
Term
The greater the amount of elastic tissue, the higher the _____ and the lower the _____.
Definition
Elastance

Capacitance
Term
Capacitance can be calculated from the formula: _____.
Definition
C = V/P

C=Capacitance
V=Volume
P=Pressure
Term
Capacitance is directly proportional to _____.
Definition
Volume
Term
Capacitance describes how much _____ change in response to a change in ______.
Definition
Volume

Pressure
Term
Capacitance is much greater for _____ than for _____.
Definition
Veins than for Arteries
Term
Because the Capacitance is higher for veins than arteries, more blood volume is contained in the ______ (______ Volume) than in the _______ (_____ Volume)
Definition
Veins

unstressed volume

arteries

stressed volume
Term
Changes in the Capacitance of veins produce changes in _____.
Definition
Unstressed volume
Term
A decrease in Capacitance (decreases/increases) unstressed volume & (decreases/increases) stressed volume.
Definition
decreases

increases
Term
A decrease in Capacitance decreases unstressed volume & increases stressed volume, causing a shift in blood volume from ______ to _____.
Definition
Veins to Arteries
Term
Capacitance (decreases/increases) with age.
Definition
decreases
Term
As a person ages and Capacitance decreases the arteries become _____.
Definition
stiffer and less distensible
Term
As blood flows through the systemic circulation, pressure _____ progressively because of the _____ to blood flow.
Definition
decreases

resistance
Term
Pressure is highest in the ______ and lowest in the _____.
Definition
aorta/ large arteries

Venae Cavae
Term
The largest decrease in pressure occurs across the ______, because they are the site of ________.
Definition
arterioles

highest resistance
Term
Resistance causes a ____ in pressure.
Definition
Drop
Term
_______ pressure is pulsatile.
Definition
Arterial
Term
Arterial is not _____ during the cardiac cycle.
Definition
constant
Term
Two types of Arterial Pressure: ____ & _____.
Definition
Systolic and Diastolic
Term
Systolic Pressure is the (lowest/highest) arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.
Definition
highest
Term
Systolic Pressure is measured when?
Definition
After the heart contracts (systole) and blood is ejected into the arterial system
Term
Diastolic Pressure is the (lowest/highest) arterial pressure during the cardiac cycle.
Definition
lowest
Term
Diastolic Pressure is measured when?
Definition
When the heart is relaxed (diastole) and blood is returned to the heart via the veins
Term
Pulse Pressure is _______.
Definition
The difference between Systolic & Diastolic pressure
Term
The most important determinant of Pulse Pressure is _______.
Definition
Stroke Volume
Term
As blood is ejected from the Left Ventricle into the arterial system, arterial pressure _____ because of the relatively ____ capacitance of arteries.
Definition
Increases

Low
Term
Diastolic Pressure (changes/ doesn't change) during ventricular systole.
Definition
doesn't change
Term
During ventricular systole the pulse pressure increase to the same extent as the _______, because ______.
Definition
systolic pressure

because diastolic pressure remains unchanged during systole
Term
Decreases in capacitance as with aging, can cause a (decrease/increase) in pulse pressure.
Definition
increase
Term
Mean Arterial Pressure is the average Arterial Pressure with respect to _____.
Definition
time
Term
Mean Arterial Pressure can be calculated approximately as: ________.
Definition
Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
Term
Venous Pressure is very _____.
Definition
Low
Term
The veins have a (high/low) capacitance.
Definition
high
Term
The veins have a high capacitance & therefore can hold ____ volumes of blood and low pressures.
Definition
Large
Term
capacitance = _______.
Definition
Volume/ Pressure
Term
Atrial Pressure is (lower/higher) than venous pressure.
Definition
lower
Term
Left Atrial pressure is estimated by the _________.
Definition
Pulmonary wedge pressure
Term
P wave represents ______.
Definition
Atrial Depolarization
Term
PR interval is the interval from ________.
Definition
Interval from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the Q wave
Term
Q wave represents ______.
Definition
Initial depolarization of the ventricle
Term
PR interval varies with the conduction velocity through the ______.
Definition
AV (Atrioventricular) node
Term
If AV (Atrioventricular) node conduction decreases (as in a ______), the PR interval ______.
Definition
Heart Block

Increases
Term
PR interval is decreased (Increased conduction velocity through the AV node) by stimulation of the _______.
Definition
SNS
Term
PR interval is Increased (decreased conduction velocity through the AV node) by stimulation of the _______.
Definition
PNS
Term
QRS complex represents _______.
Definition
Depolarization of the ventricles
Term
QT interval is the interval from the beginning of the ____ to the end of the _____.
Definition
Q wave to the end of the T wave
Term
ST segment is the segment from the end of the _____ to the beginning of the _____.
Definition
S wave

T wave
Term
ST segment is ______.
Definition
isoelectric
Term
ST segment represents the period when _______.
Definition
The Ventricles are Depolarized
Term
T wave represents ________.
Definition
Ventricular repolarization
Term
The resting membrane potential for the heart is determined by the ____ to _+ and approaches the _______.
Definition
conductance to K+ and approaches EK+
Term
Gap Junctions are present at the _____ of cardiac muscle.
Definition
Gap Junctions
Term
Gap Junctions are ____-resistance paths between cells that allow for rapid electrical spread of APs.
Definition
Low
Term
Gap junctions account for the observation that the heart behaves as an _______.
Definition
Electrical Syncytium
Term
Who has more MT, skeletal or cardiac muscle?
Definition
Cardiac
Term
T tubules are continuous with the _____.
Definition
Cell Membrane
Term
T Tubules in cardiac m. invaginate the cells at the z lines and function to _____.
Definition
carry AP into the cell interior
Term
T Tubules are well developed in the _____, but poorly developed in the _____ of cardiac muscle.
Definition
Ventricles

Atria
Term
T Tubules is cardiac m. form diads with the ____.
Definition
SR
Term
SR is the site of storage and release of Ca2+ for ______-_____ coupling.
Definition
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
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