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Phonetics
Definitions and Examples
20
Science
Undergraduate 2
05/31/2012

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Term
Aspiration
Definition
Air pressure released during production of a voiceless stop-plosive, at initial-consonant position. E.g. The word 'pit'.
Term
Allophone
Definition
Variations of phoneme realisations, don't change word meaning. E.g 'top' and 'stop'
Term
Minimal Pair
Definition
Words that differ by only one phoneme.
Term
Free Variation
Definition
Variants that don't change word meaning, no rule to predict.
Term
Complementary Distribution
Definition
One will not occur in the other's context.
Term
Suprasegmental Features
Definition
Modifications in speech- intonation, stress, duration.
Term
Co-articulation
Definition
Effects of adjacent sounds on each other.
Term
Progressive Assimilation
Definition
Segment influences following segment.
Term
Regressive Assimilation
Definition
Segment influences preceding segment. E.g. 'unbalanced'
Term
Ejective Non-Pulmonic Sounds
Definition
Egressive airstream.
Term
Implosive Non-Pulmonic Sounds
Definition
Ingressive airstream.
Term
Click Non-Pulmonic Sounds
Definition
Ingressive velaric airstream.
Term
Vowel Raising
Definition
TRAP raising -> DRESS. DRESS raising -> KIT. KIT centralising -> COMMA.
Term
Vowel Merger
Definition
Two vowels neutralising and becoming more similar.
Term
Chain Shift
Definition
One change to another, to another.
Term
Velar Fronting
Definition
From difficulty in motor control of body of the tongue. /k/ -> /t/ & /g/ -> /d/
Term
Epenthesis
Definition
Insertion of sound segment. "please" -> /peliz/
Term
FCD
Definition
Final Consonant Deletion- omission of last sound of word if it is a consonant.
Term
WSD
Definition
Weak Syllable Deletion- omission of unstressed syllable.
Term
CR
Definition
Cluster Reduction- Simplification of consonant clusters by omission of consonant/s.
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