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Phisological Psych Chapter 2 Vocab Quiz
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24
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
09/02/2013

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Term
hippocampus
Definition
A medial temporal lobe structure that is important for learning and memory
Term
dorsal root
Definition
a branch of the spinal nerve which enters the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and carries sensory information from the peripheral nervous system to the spinal cord.
Term
synapse
Definition
The tiny gap between neurons where information is passed from one to the other.
Term
post-central gyrus
Definition
The strip of parietal cortex, just behind the central sulcus, that receives somatosensory information from the entire body.
Term
thalamus
Definition
The brain regions at the top of the brainstem that trade information with the cortex.
Term
presynaptic
Definition
Referring to the region of a synapse that releases neurotransmitter
Term
limbic system
Definition
A loosely defined, widespread group of brain nuclei that innervate each other to form a network. These nuclei are implicated in emotions.
Term
cingulate gyrus
Definition
A cortical portion of the limbic system, found in the frontal and parietal midline.
Term
glial cells
Definition
Nonneuronal brain cells that provide structural, nutritional, and other types of support to the brain
Term
motor neuron
Definition
A neuron in the brain or spinal cord that transmits motor messages to a muscle
Term
neuron doctrine
Definition
A neuron that releases hormones into local or systemic circulation
Term
bipolar neuron
Definition
A nerve cell that has a single dendrite at one end and a single axon at the other end; found in some vertebrate sensory systems
Term
amygdala
Definition
A group of nuclei in the medial anterior part of the temporal lobe.
Term
ventral root
Definition
a branch of the spinal nerve which arises from the ventral horn of the spinal cord and carries motor messages from the spinal cord to the peripheral nervous system.
Term
synaptic cleft
Definition
The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements. This gap measures about 20–40 nm
Term
pre-central gyrus
Definition
The strip of frontal cortex, just in front of the central sulcus, that is crucial for motor control
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
Part of the diencephalon, lying ventral to the thalamus.
Term
postsynaptic
Definition
Referring to the region of a synapse that receives and responds to neurotransmitter
Term
parietal lobes
Definition
Large regions of cortex lying between the frontal and occipital lobes of each cerebral hemisphere
Term
temporal lobes
Definition
Large lateral cortical regions of each cerebral hemisphere, continuous with the parietal lobes posteriorly, and separated from the frontal lobe by the Sylvian fissure. The temporal lobes contain the hippocampus and amygdala, and are involved in a variety of functions, including memory, emotional processing, and the olfactory and auditory senses.
Term
central sulcus
Definition
A fissure that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
Term
sensory neuron
Definition
A neuron that is directly affected by changes in the environment, such as light, odor, or touch.
Term
sylvian fissure
Definition
A deep fissure that demarcates the temporal lobe
Term
unipolar neuron
Definition
A nerve cell with a single branch that leaves the cell body and then extends in two directions; one end is the receptive pole, the other end the output zone
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