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Details

Pharmocology Chap. 4 &6
N/A
33
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/22/2010

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Cards

Term
What are the rights to ensure safe drug administration?
Definition
Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right charting
Term
What do you as nurse need to do to ensure safe drug administration?
Definition
Sleep well (deprivation can cause big problems), pay attention, avoid fatigue, know your stuff (have to look up meeds, study patient's existing medical conditions, watch mult meds), stick to procedure, double check drug, write clearly, avoid abbreviations
Term
What does a patient need to know to take a medication safely?
Definition
What they're taking and why, when to take it, how to store it, what OTCs to avoid, what symptoms to watch for and what to do about it, warnings about discontinuing meds too early
Term
What is the NCCAM?
Definition
National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine; Lead agency for scientific research to explore and apply scientific rigor to the evaluation of therapies and to train researches and disseminate information (division of the national institutes of health)
Term
What is considered to be complementary and alternative medicine?
Definition
Group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that aren't presently considered to be part of conventional medicine
Term
Define complementary medicine
Definition
use with traditional approach; example: aroma therapy w/meds
Term
Describe alternative therapy.
Definition
used in place of conventional approach; more oriental Eastern based on aged therapies
Term
What are the 5 categories of alternative therapy?
Definition
Alternative medical systems, mind body interventions, biological based therapies, manipulative and body based, energy therapies
Term
Describe alternative medical systems
Definition
been found in ancient systems; basis for finding effective ingredient
Term
Describe Mind Body interventions.
Definition
something where mind heals body (prayers, meditation)
Term
Describe biological based therapies.
Definition
dietary supplements (vitamins etc) chiropractic
Term
Describe manipulative and body based therapy.
Definition
massage, acupuncture
Term
Describe energy therapies.
Definition
energy field balance
Term
Describe energy therapies.
Definition
energy field balance
Term
What %s of adults and %s of children use forms of CAM?
Definition
38% adults and 12% children
Term
Describe those who are more likely to use CAM (gender, education, income)
Definition
women, more educated, higher income
Term
What are the 10 most common CAMs?
Definition
Natural products, deep breathing, meditation, chiropractic, massage, yoga, diet based, relaxation, imagery, homeopathic
Term
What are the top natural products?
Definition
fish oil, glucosamine, echinacea, flax seed, ginseng, ginko, chondroitin, garlic, co-enzyme 10
Term
what are the top health conditions treated with CAMs?
Definition
(chronic) back pain, neck pain, joint pain, headaches, arthritis, anxiety, cholesterol, insomnia, mild upper resp. illness
Term
What are the common reasons behind using CAM?
Definition
improve health, interesting to try, conventional would not help, professional suggested, conventional too expensive
Term
Describe the regulation of dietary supplements.
Definition
Not under FDA reg. in the making but once marketed, FDA can keep data and pull product if found harmful; FDA mandates they inform consumers of this on commercials GMP (good manufact. practices)
Term
What factors affect herbal produces?
Definition
Season harvested, soil type and fertilizer, time of day harvested, how processed, incidental ingredients added (may not be known to manufacturer)
Term
What are some assumptions consumers have about CAMs?
Definition
natural products are safe b/c they're natural; if it doesn't help, it won't hurt either' if no precautions on bottles, no risks; if on shelf, there's no recall or danger
Term
Fish Oil
Definition
taken for cholesterol; research level A; good evidence that lowers cholesterol, lower risk of heart attack and stroke; MOA: omega-3 fatty acids (EPA & DHA) lower LDLs & triglycerides (may reduce inflamm. of vessels); Adverse: make belch "fishy" taste; looser stools
Term
Cautions of Fish oil?
Definition
increasing bleeding tendencies in higher doses, if people are taking anticoagulants then take this, they'll find more bruises, GI upset, drug interactions; FDA: 3g per day but can be increased w/HP supervision
Term
Glucosamine
Definition
research level A or B for arthritis!; Use: relieve pain secondary to osteoarthritis; MOA: natural component of proteoglycans (joint substance) so helps form cartilage, helps lubricate joints, keeps healthy; Adverse: mild GI upset, V/D, indigestion, not much drug interactions; FDA: around 500 mg/day
Term
Cautions with Glucosamine
Definition
made from shells of shrimp and crabs so caution allergic patients; Gate trial (over 1000 trial) didn't help with mild pain but helped with moderate pain
Term
Echinacea
Definition
research level C (no clear evidence) from flower; Use: immune stimulant against mild reps. infections; MOA: stimulates phagocytosis, releases chem. messengers to stimulate macrophage activity; adverse: stomach discomfort, sore throat, rash drowsiness headache, rarely: hepatitis, kidney failure
Term
Cautions with Echinacea and dosage
Definition
increase allergy possible in those w/allergies (500-1000 mg 3x a day common dose)
Term
Flaxseed
Definition
Research level B as a laxative; Use: laxative but used for cholesterol, breast cancer, lower blood sugar; MOA: plant based omega-3 fatty acid (ALA) isn't as as active on cholesterol but acts on estrogen levels; Adverse: usually taken well; unripe= poison, diarrhea, nausea
Term
Cautions of Flaxseed and dosage
Definition
can cause bowel obstruction if they have constipation, must be taken w/large water intake; must decrease drug effect, may increase risk of prostate cancer; dosage: 1 tbl w/liquid up to 3x day
Term
Ginseng/dosage
Definition
B level research; Use: lower blood sugar (diabetes), immune stimulation, some effect on heart condition, general well being; MOA: ginsenosides (antioxidant effect) inhibit platelet aggregation, heighten immune activity, incr. interferon product. might have estrogen activity; Dosage: 100-200 mg day
Term
Adverse and Cautions of Ginseng
Definition
anxiety, headache, elevate. BP, lower BS, might cause insomnia and irritability; Cautions: contraindicated w/ surgery b/c platelet aggress., breast cancer (estrogen), elevated BP is problem; not enough info with kids
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