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pharmocolgy
chapter 13
20
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
03/16/2013

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Term
A series potential fatal condition neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) characterized by hypothermia, muscular rigidity, catatonia (patient appears frozen in position) and autonomic nervous system and ability is associated with the use of
Definition
Antipsychotic drugs
Term
Gammaaminobutyric acid GABA
Definition
An important inhibitory neurotransmitter that functions to keep out emotions and behavior under control
Term
Unlike other three anti-psychotic drugs classes the anti-typical drugs is to activity more than they reduce the activity of dopamine
Definition
For that reason they cause significantly lower levels of EPS
Term
tardive dyskinesia
Definition
More serious condition that they develop after long-term phenothiazine antipsychotic therapy. This condition involves involuntary movements of the lips, jaw, tongue, and extremities
Term
Situations that bring about stress and anxiety, and a person will quickly result in
Definition
The limbic system is involved with regulating of emotional behaviors and responses any emotionally anxiety producing situation increases the activity of the limbic system
Term
Eventually the long active metabolites of long acting benzodiazepines are
Definition
Are inactivated by being conjugated with glucuronic acid. This step and activates them and allows them to be excreted in urine
Term
The main use of the extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS)
Definition
Excessive blockade of dopamine D2 receptors.
Term
What are the benefits the show side effects of phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs
Definition
For the treatment of nausea and vomiting these side effects allow the phenothiazines to be used for treating pruritis certain allergic reactions. However, these actions also increase adverse drug reaction
Term
The manic phase of manic-depressive personality disorder can be treated with which class of antipsychotic medication?
Definition
The butyrophenones are high potency drugs that differ chemically from the phenothiazines, but that produce the same type of antipsychotic effects. The main drug of this group is Haloperidal (Haldol). Haloperidol is especially useful in the treatment of highly agitated and manic patient
Term
Atypical drugs are associated with several  metabolic disturbances such as
Definition
Weight gain, evaluated triglyceride (hyperlipidemia), and development of diabetes mellitus
Term
What are the side effects of the patient takin Clozapine and atypical antipsychotic drug
Definition
More likely to develop an infection, higher indecency of sedation, seizures, weight gain, and agranulocytosis, lottery effects involved, decreased white blood cells, which may increase infection's and require WBC monitoring
Term
A special formulation of Olanzapine an atypical antipsychotic is available for
Definition
Difficult patients needing immediate treatment from a psychotic episode. In addition to regular tablets. There is a tablet formulated of Zyprexa (Zeyprexz zydis that rapidly dissolves in the mouth and an injectable pre-preparation for IM administration
Term
One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs refers to the basic chemical structure of large number of drugs somewhere and structure and pharmacological action
Definition
These drugs block D2 receptors to a greater degree than they block five HT 2A receptors
Term
Comment adverse effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics
Definition
Such as dry mouth, constipation, visual disturbances, and sedation are due to the anticholinergic and antihistaminic action
Term
Ways to alleviate parkinsonism which may develop from continuous use of phenothiazine: Parkinsonism involves development of muscular rigidity, tremors, and other disturbances of movement
Definition
Reducing the dosage, stopping the drug, or administering centrally acting anti-chlorogenic drugs usually improves, these three were logical conditions
Term
Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia often appear when
Definition
Antipsychotic drug treatment is stopped the symptoms can be suppressed by reinstating the drug or by increasing the dose of an antipsychotic drug
Term
unlike the phenothiazine,butyrophenone, and thioxanthene drugs
Definition
The atypical antipsychotic drug effects and reduce the activity of the by the HT 2A receptors more than they interfere with the D2 receptors
Term
thiothixene is a high potency antipsychotic medication that
Definition
Associated with higher incidences of extra pyramidal syndrome EPS
Term
With the exception of clozapine the atypical drugs do not cause
Definition
Significant anti-cholinergic , alpha adreergic blocking or antihistaminic actions compared to some of the other drugs
Term
Benzodiazepines rely on ligand gated  chloride channels to achieve their effects of membrane hyper polarization
Definition
Benzodiazepines, decreased the excitability on the functional activity of specific areas of the brain and spinal cord. GABA appears to allow more chloride ions to pass into the neuron, which makes it kind of the neuron or negatively charged (hyper polarization). hyperpolarization of the neuron reduces the neurological excitability and consequently reduces depressive effect on those neuron
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