Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharmacy Practice V
Exam 2 Drugs
86
Pharmacology
Professional
11/11/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Amaryl
Definition
glimepiride

longest acting SU

1-8 mg QD with breakfast

titrate q 1-2 weeks
Term
Glucotrol
Definition
glipizide

SU

2.5-40mg daily (BID if >15mg)

titrate q 1-2 weeks

food delays absorption- take 30 minutes before eating.

No active metabolites
Term
Glucotrol XL
Definition
glipizide XL

SU

2.5-20mg QD with breakfast

no active metabolites
Term
Diabeta/Micronase
Definition
glyburide

SU

1.25-30mg QD or BID if <10mg

titrate q 1-2 weeks

needs renal/hepatic dosing because active metabolites are exreted renally.

Take 30 minutes before food or with food.
Term
Prandin
Definition
repaglinide

meglitinide (stim. insulin release)

0.5-5mg TID (max 16mg/24hrs)

take 15 minutes prior to food, skip if a meal is missed.
Term
Starlix
Definition
nateglitinide

meglitinide (stimulates insulin release)

60-120mg TID 15minutes prior to meals, skip if meal is missed

titrate weekly
Term
Precose
Definition
acarbose

alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

25-100mg TID with first bite of meal, skip if you skip meals

titrate q 4-8 weeks

effects post prandial most

CI in IBD

if hypoglycemic, must tx with glucose (extends carb time in gut)

extreme gas/diarrhea
Term
Actos
Definition
pioglitizone ( TZD)

15-45mg daily w/o regard to meals

titrate q 3 months

bladder cancer risk
Term
Avandia
Definition
rosiglitazone (TZD)

restricted access (existing therapy and not able/willing to take Actos)

4-8mg daily or BID

titrate q 3 months

risk of MI/CV events
Term
Glucophage
Definition
metformin (biguanide)

1000-2550mg QD-BID with food to decrease AE

dc gluconeogenesis in liver overnight

CI in Scr >1.4,1.5, liver disease

GI effects minimized with titration (weekly)
Term
Glucophage XR/ Glumetza XR
Definition
metformin XR-

1000-2000mg QD with evening meal

shell may be present in stool
Term
Metaglip
Definition
glipizide/metformin

BID with food

max 20/2000 QD

titrate q 2 weeks
Term
Glucovance
Definition
glyburide/metformin

BID with food

max 20/2000mg QD

titrate q 2 wks
Term
Acto plus Met
Definition
pioglitizone/metformin

BID with food

max dose 45/2000mg QD
Term
Avandamet
Definition
rosiglitizone/metformin

BID with food

max dose 8/2000mg daily
Term
Januvia
Definition
sitagliptin (DPP-IV inhibitor)

100mg QD (adjust if CrCL <50)

may cause pancreatitis/angioedema
Term
Onglyza
Definition
saxagliptin (DPP-IV Inhibitor)

2.5-5mg daily (dose adjustment with CrCL <50 and 3A4 Inhibitors)
Term
Tradjenta
Definition
linagliptin (DPP-IV Inhibitor)

5mg QD (no renal dosing!)
Term
Symlin
Definition
pramlintide (amylin analog)

only w/ insulin-dependent pts (I/II)
probably need to decrease insulin dose

CI: gastroparesis, hypoglycemic unawareness

nausea!

Type I: 15mcg SQ premeal up to 60
Type II: 60mcg SQ premeal up to 120
Term
Byetta
Definition
exenitide (GLP-1 agonist)

5-10mcg SQ BID before meals

incretin mimetic

N/V/D- and pancreatitis

skip if meals missed
Term
Victoza
Definition
liraglutide (GLP-1 receptor agonist)

0.6mg QD x 1 wk then 1.2 mg SQ QD

CI h/o thyroid carcinoma

N/V/D, pancreatitis
Term
Humulog Mix
Definition
insulin lispro/protamine suspension
(75/25, 50/50)- cloudy

15 minutes prior to morning/evening meal
Term
Humalog
Definition
insulin lispro

0-15 minutes prior to meals
Term
Humulin mixture
Definition
insulin R & insulin N
(70/30, 50/50)

30 min prior to morning/evening meals
Term
Humulin R
Definition
regular insulin

30 minutes prior to meals
Term
Humulin N
Definition
NPH (intermediate, cloudy)

QD but usually BID
Term
Lantus
Definition
insulin glargine

QHS usually

decrease dose by 20% if switching from NPH
Term
Levemir
Definition
insulin detemir

QD-BID (no dosing % change)

QHS or 12 hours apart
Term
Novolog
Definition
insulin aspart

0-15 minutes prior to meals
Term
Novolog Mix
Definition
aspart/protamine (70-30) cloudy

15 minutes prior to morning/evening meals
Term
Apidra
Definition
insulin glulisine

0-15 minutes prior to meals
Term
Aciphex
Definition
rabeprazole (PPI)

GERD 20mg daily x 8wks
MT- 20mg daily

h.pylori-20mg BID x 14 days
Term
Nexium
Definition
esomeprazole (PPI)

1 hour before food

GERD- 20-40mg QD x 4-8wks
MT- 20mg QD

h.pylori- 40mg daily x 14days
Term
Prevacid
Definition
lansoprazole (PPI)

GERD- 30mg daily x 8 wks
MT- 15mg daily

h.pylori- 30mg BID x 14 days

food decreases absorption so take on empty stomach.

Has granules (NG tube)
Term
Prilosec
Definition
omeprazole (PPI)

GERD- 20mg QD x 4-8 weeks
MT- 20mg daily

h.pylori- 20mg BID x 14 days

watch with Plavix, warfarin

take before food
Term
Protonix
Definition
pantoprazole (PPI)

GERD- 40mg daily x 8 weeks
MT-40mg daily

also IV formula

without regard to meals
Term
Dexilant
Definition
dexlansoprazole (PPI)

GERD- 60mg daily x 8 weeks
MT- 30mg daily

has 2 peaks

without regard to meals and can sprinkle over food
Term
Pepcid
Definition
famotidine (H2A)

Uclers- 20mg BID or 40mg qhs
MT- 20mg qhs
GERD- 20-40mg BID x 6-12wks
MT- 20mg qhs

headache

also IV
Term
Tagamet
Definition
cimetidine (H2A)

GERD 400mg QID x 12wks

DI- benzos (except LOT), carbamazepine, BB, phenytoin, theophylline, warfarin, Plavix.

Take with food

Cannot take with antacids.
Term
Zantac
Definition
ranitidine (H2A)

Ulcers- 150mg BID
MT-150mg QHS

GERD-150mg QID
MT-150mg BID

also has effervescent tablets
Term
Carafate
Definition
sucralfate

ulcers- 1g QID x 4-8 wks
MT-1g BID

watch in renal impairment (increase AL)

can cause constipation and ingestion

Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime

avoid antacids
DI: digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin, theophylline, Synthroid, quinolones, TCNs, antacids bc of altered absorption
Term
Cytotec
Definition
misoprostol (prostaglandin)

200mcg QID

Pregnancy Category X

GI side effects
Term
Asacol
Definition
mesalamine (5-ASA)

UC-2t TID x 6wks

all delayed release

CI in ASA allergy
Term
Colazal
Definition
balsalazide (5-ASA)

UC (active)- 3caps TID x 8-12wks

regular release

CI in ASA allergy
Term
Dipentum
Definition
olsalazine

UC (MT)- 2 caps BID

regular release

CI in ASA allergy

take with food
Term
Azulfidine
Definition
sulfasalazine (5-ASA)

UC-2000-4000mg daily (TID)
MT-2000mg daily (TID)

CI in ASA/sulfa allergy
Term
Bentyl
Definition
dicyclomine (antispasmodic)

IBS- 20-40mg TID-QID 30 min prior to meals

anticholinergic symptoms

may cause drowsiness/avoid alcohol
Term
Levsin/Levbid
Definition
hyoscyamine (antispasmodic)

anticholinergic (belladonna alkaloid)

take on an empty stomach/ no alcohol

Levsin IBS- 0.125mg tabs 1-2q 4hrs prn
max 12 daily

Levbid- 0.375mg tabs 1-2 q 12 hrs
Term
Librax
Definition
chlordiazepoxide/clidinium

IBS 1-2t TID-QID before food/qhs

benzo withdrawal symptoms- dont DC abruptly

anticholinergic symptoms
Term
Compazine
Definition
prochlorperazine (PTZ derivative)

N/V 5-10mg (TID/QID)

CI: use with CNS depressants, children <2 or 20lb

watch for tardive dyskinesia, dowsiness, dizziness

dopamine antagonist
Term
Kytril
Definition
granisetron (5-HT3 antagonist)

CI N/V- 1mg BID 60 min prior to chemo

also good for post op N/V

HA/fatigue/constipation
Term
Zofran
Definition
ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist)

CINV- 8mg BID (30 min prior to chemo)

PONV- 16mg pre-anesthesia
Term
Reglan
Definition
metoclopramide (GI stimulant)

CI in GI obstruction

BBW-tardive dyskinesia

Must limit to <12wks

DM gastroparesis 5-10mg QID 30min AC/HS

GERD- 5-15mg up to QID
Term
Tigan
Definition
trimethobenzamide (anticholinergic)

N/V: 300mg PO TID/QID

capsule

EPS also with this med

avoid alcohol
Term
Donnatal
Definition
atropine/scopolamine/hyscyamine/phenobarbital (antisposmodic)

1-2 TID/QID max 8 tabs/24hrs

IBS/acute enteric colitis

CI in anticholinergic disorders/elderly
Term
Lomotil
Definition
diphenoxylate/atropine

CI in pseudomembranous colitis

DC if no response in 48hrs

D: 2T/1tsp QID then QD-BID
Term
Miralax
Definition
PEG 3350

Constipation: 1 scoop in 8oz daily

may take 2-4 days
Term
CoLyte
Definition
PEG/electrolyte

bowel cleansing pre-procedure

8oz q10min until clear BM or 4L

Don't eat within 3-4hrs
Term
Docusate
Definition
stool softener

do not combine with mineral oil

Na:50-100mg BID (250mg QD)
Ca: 240mg daily
Term
Lactulose
Definition
Chronulac brand

Constipation: 15-30ml daily
PSE: 30-45ml daily
Term
Peridex
Definition
chlorhexidine gluconate

oral hygiene rinse

1/2oz for 30sec BID after brushing

do not swallow, avoid food/water after
Term
Anaprox/DS
Definition
naproxen sodium (proprionic acid)

pain: 1650mg daily in 3-4 doses
arthritis: 550-1100mg BID

275/550mg tabs
Term
Naprosyn/EC
Definition
naproxen base (proprionic acid)

pain- 1250mg daily (TID/QID)
arthritis (EC): 500-1000mg BID

250/375/500mg tabs
Term
Motrin
Definition
ibuprofen (proprionic acid)

pain: 1600-2400mg daily (3-4 doses)
arthritis: 1200-3200mg daily

max 800 QID
Term
DayPro
Definition
oxaprozin (proprionic acid)

arthritis: 600-1800mg QD 9or BID)

comes in 600mg caplet
Term
Lodine
Definition
etodalac (acetic acid)

arthritis: 600-1200mg BID/TID
Term
Lodine XL
Definition
etodalac (acetic acid)

arthritis: 600-1200mg daily
Term
Voltaren
Definition
diclofenac (acetic acid)

arthritis: max 200mg daily (BID-QID)
Term
Voltaren XR
Definition
diclofenac (acetic acid)

arthritis: 100-200mg daily (or BID)

100mg tablet
Term
Clinoril
Definition
sulindac (acetic acid)

prodrug-maybe less renally toxic, but must lower dose with livere disease

arthritis: 300-400mg BID
Term
Feldene
Definition
piroxicam (oxicam)

more GI effects

arthritis: max 20mg daily

capsule
Term
Indocin
Definition
indomethacin (acetic acid)

more GI effects

arthritis: 200mg BID/TID

CR is 150mg daily

capsule/suppository/suspension
Term
Toradol
Definition
ketorolac (acetic acid)

CI with pentoxifylline, probenacid, severe renal impairment

severe GI/renal toxicity

not for elderly

NMT 5 days total
Term
Relafen
Definition
nabumetone (acetic acid)

decrease dose in hepatic impairment and CrCl <50

arthritis: 500-2000mg daily (BID)
Term
Celebrex
Definition
celecoxib (cox II inhibitor)

2C9 substrate, 2D6 inhibitor

CI in sulfa allergy

DI: warfarin, fluconazole, etc

OA: 200mg daily (BID)
RA: 200-400mg daily (BID)
Term
Mobic
Definition
meloxicam (oxicam)

arthritis: 7.5-15mg daily
Term
Disalcid
Definition
salsalate (inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, no platelet effect)

not as helpful for pain

arthritis/pain: 3000mg daily (TID)
Term
Arthrotec
Definition
diclofenac/misoprostol

CI in pregnancy
greater GI effects than diclofenac alone

take with food

200mg/800mcg 2-4x daily (TID ideal)
Term
methotrexate
Definition
BBW: marrow depression, hepatotoxicity

pregnancy category X

N/V/D stomatitis (mouth), photosensitivity

folic acid may decrease AE

RA: 7.5mg weekly or 2.5mg q 12 hrs x3 weekly
Term
Flexeril
Definition
cyclobenzaprine

CI: CHF, arrhythmias, acute MI

anticholinergic

15-30mg daily (TID)

some CV risk with this med
Term
Robaxin
Definition
methocarbamol

drowsiness, dizziness, N

3-4g daily (QID)
Term
Norflex
Definition

orphenadrine (SR always) CI with anticholinergic dx 

100mg BID

Term
Skelaxin
Definition
metaxalone

CI in renal/hepatic disease

on BEERS list

3200mg daily (TID/QID)
Term
Soma
Definition
carisoprodol
2C19 metabolized to meprobamate

dependence, drowsiness, N

up to 1400mg daily (QID)
Term
Zanaflex
Definition
tizanidine (alpha2 agonist)

muscle spasticity

CI with cipro, fluvoxamine

can cause hypotension

anticholinergic

give with food to decrease GI effects

12-36mg daily (TID)

2,4,6 mg capsules
2,4mg tablets
Term
Lioresal
Definition
baclofen

spasticity

DO NOT DC ABRUPTLY

15-80mg daily (TID/QID)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!