Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharmacology
Cumulative Week 5 and 6
102
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fat-Soluble vitamins
Definition
Vitamin A,D, K, and E
Term
Antioxidants
Definition
found in many foods and are needed to inhibit the damage caused by oxidation.
Term
Essential fatty acids
Definition
are not produced by the body but are needed.
Term
Water-Soluble vitamins
Definition
B Vitamins, folic acid, vitamin C
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
Interaction of Vit D with anticonvulsant and sedative medication leads to faster breakdown of Vit D, leading to Vit D deficiency
Term
Vitamin K
Definition
Activity: required for normal blood clotting
Term
Vitamin E
Definition
Activity: antioxidant (boosts immune system and wards off cataracts and atherosclerosis)People on anticoagulant agents should not take supplemental
Term
Vitamin B6
Definition
Deficiency results in decreased levels of insulin and growth hormone.
Oral contraceptives can lead to the loss of vitamin from the body
Term
Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
Definition
Functions include: participates in the release of energy from CHO, fats, proteins; synthesis of fat, cholesterol; stimulation of antibody response
Term
Folic Acid
Definition
Very important for pregnant and nursing women (prevents open neural tube defects during fetal development)
Term
Have dynamic functions and must be ingested regularly.
Definition
Iron
Calcium and phosphorus
Potassium
Term
Phosphorus
Definition
Antacids interfere with phosphorous absorption
Term
Potassium
Definition
Important in maintaining water and electrolyte concentrations
Unique function in nerve impulses and cardiac rhythm control
Term
H. pylori
Definition
is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease . (75% of all duodenal ulcers)
Term
Prevpak
Definition
Treatment for Helicobacter
Term
Anticholinergic agents
Definition
Can be used as treatment adjuncts for peptic ulcer disease to indirectly inhibit gastric secretion
Term
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Definition
Antisecretory Agents/ Ulcer treatment
Interacts with many medications
Term
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Definition
Counteracts effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)for treatment of ulcers,
abortifacient
Term
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Definition
Antisecretory Agents/ Ulcer treatment
Term
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
Definition
Antisecretory Agents/ Ulcer treatment
Term
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Definition
Antisecretory Agents/ Ulcer treatment.Fewer side effects and is better tolerated by older patients
Term
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Definition
Heals ulcers with topical, soothing effect
Term
Magnesium oxide
Definition
Antacid in small doses
Laxative in larger doses
Term
Megestrol acetate (Megace)
Definition
Synthetic derivative of progesterone that increases appetite
Term
Orlistat (Xenical)
Definition
Lipase inhibitor used for obesity management
Blocks dietary absorption of fats
Term
Emetic Agents
Definition
Produce vomiting and used primarily for first aid when prompt emptying of stomach is essential
Term
Ipecac syrup
Definition
Induces vomiting for 30 minutes
Inhibited by milk
Dose should be followed by additional fluids
Term
Antiemetic Agents
Definition
Relieve nausea and vomiting
Term
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Definition
Used for vomiting
Acts as sedative
Relieves motion sickness
Term
Meclizine hydrochloride (Bonine, Antivert
Definition
Prevents nausea and vomiting with motion sickness and morning sickness with pregnancy
Treats vertigo of labyrinthitis
Term
Bulk-increasing laxatives
Definition
Swell with water and mechanically stimulate intestinal contraction
Term
Psyllium seed (Metamucil)
Definition
Bulk-increasing laxatives
Term
Lubricating laxatives
Definition
Mix with and soften fecal matter but do not increase bulk
Prevents absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Term
Saline cathartic agents
Definition
Hold water in the tract and cause more to be absorbed, greatly increasing bulk
Term
Irritant cathartic agents
Definition
Irritate intestinal mucosa and prompt contraction
Term
Senna (Senokot)
Definition
Irritant cathartic agents
Term
Biscodyl (Dulcolax)
Definition
Irritant cathartic agents
Term
Castor oil
Definition
Irritant cathartic agents
Term
Fecal softeners
Definition
Mix with fecal material, emulsifying and softening it for easier elimination
Term
Demulcent agents
Definition
Soothe irritated membranes
Term
Adsorbent agents
Definition
Adsorb irritants on surface of gastrointestinal tract
Term
Activated charcoal, kaolin-pectin (Kaopectate)
Definition
Adsorbent agents
Term
Diphenoxylate hydrochloride plus atropine sulfate (Lomotil)
Definition
Severe diarrhea is treated acts similarly to morphine
Term
Alosetron hydrochloride (Lotronex)
Definition
Used only in women with severe diarrhea from irritable bowel syndrome
Term
Cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism in children)
Definition
Abnormal growth in formative years
Causes mental retardation
Slow sexual development
Weak muscles and thick skin
Term
Myxedema (hypothyroidism in adults)
Definition
Slowing of mental and physical functions
Puffy hands and feet
Thick, leathery skin
Hypersensitive to cold
Term
Hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease
Definition
Elevated metabolism
Protruding eyes
Nervousness and hyperactivity
Term
Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s disease
Definition
Caused by autoimmune process
Serum of patients contains antibodies to thyroid antigens
Term
Goiter
Definition
Enlarged thyroid gland
May be caused by hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
Term
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Definition
Antithyroid Agents
Term
Hyperparathyroidism
Definition
Too much calcium leaves the bones, weakening them. Increased calcium level in the blood causes kidney stones.
Term
Teriparatide (Forteo)
Definition
This is a synthetic parathyroid hormone used to treat osteoporosis.
Term
Addison’s disease
Definition
Symptoms: weight loss; disturbed carbohydrate and mineral metabolism; mottled, bronzed skin
Term
Cortisone and Hydrocortisone
Definition
antiinflammatory drugs
Suppress symptoms of arthritis, bursitis, and skin diseases
Used to treat multiple sclerosis
Term
Prednisolone (Prelone, Cotolone)
Definition
Cortisone and Hydrocortisone
Term
Exenatide (Byetta)
Definition
Slows gastric emptying and slows glucose increase
Lowers glucagon secretion during hyperglycemia
Term
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
Definition
Lower blood glucose by stimulating pancreas to produce more insulin and by decreasing insulin resistance of cells
Term
Progesterone
Definition
administered to inhibit labor and extend pregnancy
Term
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera)
Definition
Bone loss an issue
Limit use to 2 years
Term
Levonorgestrel (Plan B)
Definition
Emergency contraceptives
Taken within 72 hours after intercourse
Term
Clomiphene citrate (Clomid)
Definition
Promotes the release of pituitary gonadotropins which promote ovulation
Multiple conceptions is a risk
Term
Oxytocic Agents
Definition
Uterine stimulant, like hormone oxytocin
Used during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum
Term
Diabetes insipidus
Definition
Results when antidiuretic hormone is missing
Term
Thiazide (Benzothiadiazine) Diuretic Agents
Definition
Inhibit enzyme carbonic anhydrase
Exert action directly on the collecting tubules of kidney
Term
Thiazide (Benzothiadiazine) Diuretic Agents
Definition
Potassium depletion is often a problem with long-term use.
contraindicated during pregnancy.
Term
-iazide
ex.Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Definition
Thiazide (Benzothiadiazine) Diuretic Agents
Term
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Definition
inhibit aldosterone
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide plus spironolactone (Aldactazide)
Definition
inhibit aldosterone
Term
Furosemide (Lasix)
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
Amiloride hydrochloride (Midamore)
Definition
Diuretic agent
Does not cause potassium depletion
Term
Enuresis
Definition
Involuntary urination at night
Term
Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan)
Definition
Antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle of the bladder
Drugs Used to Treat Enuresis
Term
Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol, Detrol LA)
Definition
Decreases urge urinary incontinence
Term
Tamsulosin hydrochloride (Flomax)
Definition
Drugs Used to Treat Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Term
Finasteride (Proscar)
Definition
Drugs Used to Treat Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Term
Human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil)
Definition
Intended for females between 11 and 26 years old
Protects against four types of human papillomavi
Term
Pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine (Prevnar)
Definition
Used for active immunization of infants and toddlers
Not to be used in adult populations
Term
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Definition
Treats systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and nephrotic syndrome
events organ transplant rejection
Term
Prednisone and prednisolone
Definition
Corticosteroid Agents/ Immunosuppressive Agents
Term
PrCyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Definition
Prevents organ transplant rejection
Bioavailability is increased by 20% to 200% when administered with grapefruit juice
Term
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)
Definition
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Term
Fish oil capsules
Definition
Reduce serum lipids
Decrease prostaglandin synthesis
Reduce inflammation
Term
Preventive Nutrition: Hypertension
Definition
Decreased sodium
Increased potassium
Term
Preventive Nutrition:Diabetes
Definition
Complex carbohydrates
At least 25 to 30 grams of dietary fiber daily
Chromium from brewer’s yeast and nuts
Term
Raloxifene hydrochloride (Evista)
Definition
Osteoporosis Medications
Binds with estrogen receptors
Preserves bone mass and increases density
Term
Risedronate sodium (Actonel)
Definition
Osteoporosis Medications: Inhibits bone resorption
Term
Alendronate (Fosamax)
Definition
Osteoporosis Medications:
Inhibits bone resorption and increases bone density
Term
Aminoglycoside antibiotic agents
Definition
Used for infections caused by Enterobacter and Pseudomonas strains
Term
Cephalosporin agents
Definition
Possible vitamin K interference
Term
Nitrofurantoin
Definition
Increased risk of agranulocytosis, hepatitis, and chronic pulmonary fibrosis
Only used with caution
Term
Quinolone agents
Definition
Enhances the effect of Coumadin
Contraindicated in patients with seizure disorders
Term
Alzheimer’s Disease Drugs
Definition
Drugs used to treat the disease are reversible inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
Term
Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Definition
Alzheimer’s Disease Drugs
Term
Donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)
Definition
Alzheimer’s Disease Drugs
Term
Cayenne (Capsicum)
Definition
Taken orally, it is a digestive aid.
It stimulates the production of gastric juices and helps relieve gas.can be applied topically for pain relief.
Term
Echinacea
Definition
May be taken prophylactically to prevent colds or taken early in the infection
Term
Ephedra (Ma-Huang)
Definition
Used for many centuries, especially in Asia, for treatment of colds, asthma, and respiratory symptoms
Term
Feverfew
Definition
have been used to prevent migraine headaches.
Term
Garlic
Definition
effective antibacterial agent.
lowering of cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Term
Ginkgo biloba
Definition
An increase in bleeding time Relieve symptoms of intermittent claudication
Increase walking performance
Term
Ginseng
Definition
Used as stimulant and a tonic
Used to treat menopausal hot flashes
Increases the anticoagulation effect of NSAIDs and warfarin
Term
Kava Kava
Definition
euphoria, muscle weakness, and, in higher doses, deep sleep.
causes numbness in the mouth when chewed
Supporting users have an ad free experience!