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Pharmacology
Chapter 8
22
Nursing
Professional
03/20/2012

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Term
What is Holistic Approach to Nursing Care?
Definition
The individual and totality of the patient.
The integration of the psychosocial, cultural influences, religious, environmental and biological aspects of the whole person. Established risk factors that influence pharmacotherapeutic outcomes
Term
Holistic Approach, What are these risk factors ?
Definition
Age
Genetics
Biologic characteristics
Personal habits
Lifestyle
Environment
Term
Holistic approach is defined as...
Definition
individualized care with consideration given to each persons:
Integrated biological
Psychosocial-spiritual
Cultural-ethnic
Communicating whole
Whole person
Communal environment
Term
What is the Human Integration Pyramid?
Definition
Framework of human functional environment and interrelationships
Impacts success of pharmacotherapy
These dimensions often overlooked
Levels are interconnected and interdependent
Holistic approach seem incompatible with Western Medicine: nurse must focus on holistic approach
Term
The Human Intergration pyramid care model consists of what?
Definition
Psychological-Social-Spiritual Demension
Cultural and Ethnic perspectives
Community-Enviornmental factors
Genetic Predisposition
Gender Determinants
Age Corollaries
Term
Psychological Dimensions include what?
Definition
Psychosocial – development in the social environment
Spirituality-Capacity to love
Convey compassion and empathy
Give and forgive
Enjoy life and find peace of mind
Term
Beliefs Affect Pharmacotherapy What might some contributing factors include?
Definition
Cultures veiw health and illness in different ways.
Term
Factors That May Affect Pharmacotherapeutic Outcomes
Definition
Suffering,loneliness,Despair,Death,
Meaning,Value, and Hope
Term
What helps with Better Drug Compliance?
Definition
If the client believes treatment is important and beneficial
Term
Outcomes of Pharmacotherapy Influenced By
Definition
Past experience with medications
Acceptability of taking medication in the social environment
Drugs carry stigma
Attitude toward personal health
Expectations of pharmacotherapy
Term
Can you define culture????
Definition
Culture- set of beliefs, values, norms that provide meaning for an
individual or group
Term
Can you define Ethnicity???
Definition
biologic and genetic similarities
Term
What is Cultural Competence?
Definition
Ability to provide care to people with diverse values, beliefs and behaviors, including ability to adapt care to meet the needs of these patients.
Dietary considerations
Alternative therapies
Beliefs about health and disease
Term
Variables of culture and ethnicity that impact pharmacotherapy
Definition
Diet
Beliefs of health and illness
Alternative therapies
Genetic differences
Impacts with modern medicine
Term
Health care is affected by
Definition
Population growth - community factors
Complex technology advances
Evolving globalization patterns
Access to health care – socioeconomic levels
Term
What are the Barriers to access Healthcare?
Definition
Inadequate health insurance
Cost of treatment and availability of drugs
Limited medical care in rural areas
Literacy
Term
Genetic Polymorphisms how do we difine it?
Definition
Study of genetic variations that cause differences in the way patients handle medications
Two or more versions of the same enzyme
Caused by a single-base mutation in DNA
Amino acids change in enzyme
Enzyme function changes
Structural differences appear in certain ethnic groups
Term
How does genetic ploymorphism impact pharmacotherapeutics?
Definition
May increase or decrease metabolism of certain drugs
Term
Scandinavians, Jews, North African caucasions metabolize these drugs slower due to polymorphism.
Definition
Caffeine, hydralasine, isoniazid and procainamid.
Term
Poorly metabolized in Asian and African Americans?
Definition
Amitripyline, imipramine,perphenazine,propranolol, metoprolol,codiene, morphine, diazepam, barbiturates, warfarin
Term
How might gender play a role in drug metabolism?
Definition
Can affect success of medication treatment
- women seek heath care more readily that males
Side effects of medication can be gender specific and affect compliance
Local and systemic response of medications differ between genders
Body composition, cerebral flow, rate of elimination
Term
FDA Requires Drug Research Studies Include what?
Definition
Subjects of both genders
Analysis of clinical data by gender
Assessment of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics differences
Studies specific to women's health
Changes are result of reforms after 1993
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