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Pharmacology
Pharmacology
120
Nursing
Professional
09/20/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What the Nurse MUST know
Definition
  • What drug is ordered
  • Name (trade and generic) drug classification
  • Intended use or purposes use
  • Effects on the body
  • Contradictions
  • Special considerations: how age,weight,body fat, individual pathology, will affect the pharmacotherapeutic response.
  • Why was the med prescribed for this patient?
  • Side effects
Term
Drug Names
Definition
  • Chemical 
  • Generic
  • Trade
Term
Chemical Drug Name
Definition

Provides the exact description of the medication's composition

(usually very long)

Term
Generic Drug Name
Definition
The manufacturer who first develops the drug assigns the name, and then its listed in the U.S. Pharmacopedia
Term
Trade Name
Definition
also known as brand or proprietary name, This is the name under which a manufacturer markets the medication.
Term
Classification
Definition
  • Effects of medication on the body system.
  • Symptoms the medication relieves
  • Med's desired effect
Term
Medication forms
Definition
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • other than oral
  • topical
  • parenteral
  • form for installation into the body cavities
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
the study of how the med's are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues or organs.
Term
Kidney Disease
Definition
A disease that include troubled excretion.
Term
Topical and Oral
Definition

 

What med has the slowest absporption rate?

Term
Mucous membrane and respritory tract
Definition
what has a quick absorption rate?
Term
IV
Definition
What has the fastes absorption rate?
Term
Under the tongue
Definition
Where is there a site that contains a rich blood supply that willl absorb med's quickly?
Term
Distribution
Definition
Once the med has entered into the bloodstream, it is carried throughout the tissues and organs of the body.
Term
Speed of distribution
Definition
depends on the vascularity of varous tissues and organs
Term
the organ's tissue and biological membrane
Definition
To be distributed to an organs a med has to first pass through this...
Term
Liver
Definition
Most biotransformation occurs where?
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Meds are ______ into less potent or an inactive form
Term
Toxicity
Definition
What haooens when meds build up in the body?
Term
Liver issues
Definition
what can cause Toxicity?
Term
  • Kidney
  • Liver 
  • Bowel
  • Lungs
  • Exocrine Glands
Definition
Meds are excreted through.....
Term
Chemical makeup of med
Definition
what determines the organ of excretion?
Term
Morphine
Definition
NEVER give this if respirations are <12
Term
the rate and extent of distribution
Definition
Depends on the physicaland chemical properties of the med and phsyiology of the patient contribute to what?
Term
Liver
Definition
  • Specialized structure that oxidizes and transforms many toxic substances.
  • Degrades many harmful chemicals before they are distributed to the tissues
Term
Kidneys
Definition
The main organ for excretion
Term
Theraputic effect
Definition
The med is doing what it is supposed to do
Term
Side effect
Definition
unavoidable secondary effect to  med
Term
Adverse Effect
Definition
Unintended, Undesirable,often unpredictable response to a med.
Term
Toxic Effect
Definition
Accumulation of the medication in the bloodstream
Term
Allergic Reaction
Definition
Unpredictable response to a medication
Term
Allergic Rection
Definition
The medication or chemical acts as an antigen, triggering the release of antibodies in the body.
Term
PCA
Definition
Patient Controlled analgesia
Term
Theraputic range
Definition
mediation reaches this between the minimum effective concentrtion and the toxic concentration
Term
Onset
Definition
Time the medication takes to produce a response.
Term
Peak
Definition
Time at which a medication reaches its highest effective concentration
Term
Duration
Definition
Time medication takes to produce greatest result
Term
Trough
Definition
Minimum blood serum concentrationis reached and maintained
Term
Plateau
Definition
Point at which blood serum concentrationis reached and maintained
Term
Biological half-life
Definition
Time the serum medication concentration should be halved
Term
FOOD
Definition
What should you have for a patient who is about to recieve insulin
Term
Blood sugar will drop
Definition
Why do you give food wih insulin ?
Term
ORAL
Definition
What is the easiest and most used route of medication administration?
Term
Intradermal
Definition
Injection into the dermis just under the epidermis
Term
Subcutaneous
Definition
Injection into the tissue just below th dermis of the skin
Term
Intramuscular (IM)
Definition
Injection into the muscle
Term
Intravenous
Definition
Injection into a vein
Term

Buccal

Sublingual

Definition
What are the oral routes?
Term

Direct

Body cavity

Definition
what are the topical routes?
Term

Epidural

Intrathecal

Intraosseous

Intraperitoneal

Intrapleural

Intra-arterial

Definition
Parentersl routes?
Term
Itraocular
Definition
Route for the eye
Term
Inhalation
Definition

Medication delivered in a vapor

EX: albuterol

Term

ORAL

Parenteral

Inhalant

Topical

Intraocular

Definition
What are the routes of medication administration?
Term
Systemic Effect
Definition
Transdermal patches have what kind of effect ?
Term
Sublingual
Definition

nitroglycerin is delivered this way.

meication given at this route should never be swallowed b/c it doe not have the desired effect.

Term
Buccal Route
Definition
Med given here is held against the cheek until it dissolves.
Term
Endotracheal Tube
Definition
Tube enters the mouth snd ends at the trachea
Term
Tacheostomy
Definition
tube enter the trachea through an incision made in the neck
Term

RIGHT

T: Time

R: Route

A: Amount (dose)

M: Medication

P: Patient

Definition
What are the 5 rights of medication administration?
Term

Patient's name

Order date

Medication name

Dosage

Route

Time to administer

Drug indication

Prescriber's signature

Definition
Each mediation order needs these.....
Term
FALSE
Definition
T/F Students can take verbal orders or telephone orders
Term
PRN
Definition
Give med as needed
Term
STAT
Definition
Give med immediately
Term
NOW
Definition
A med is needed right now but not STAT
Term
STAT
Definition
med given only once for a specific purpose
Term
  • Assess the patient's bility to self administer med
  • determine if the patient should recieve the med.
  • Adminisiter med correctlyClosely monitor effects
  • This is NOT delegated
Definition
Nurses Role in Medication Administration
Term
Check the patient !!!!
Definition
!st thing to do to prevent a med error!!
Term
AFTER you give it
Definition
When doyou document that you have given a med?
Term
3 Times
Definition
how many times do you check the medication against the MAR ?
Term
Polypharmacy
Definition
  • When the patient takes 2 or more meds to treat the same illness, or disorder
  • Mixing herbal supplements or products with meds
Term
Polypharmacy
Definition
Taking over the countr(OTC) medications frequently, lack of knowledge about meds, incorrect beliefs about meds, and visiting several providers to treat different illnesses increase the risk of this....
Term
Frequent Communication
Definition
To minimize risks associated with polypharmacy ______________ between providers is essential to make sure the patient's med regimen is as simple as possible.
Term

Oral 

Topical

Inhalation

Irrigation

Parenteral

Injection

Definition
Types of medication Administration?
Term

Skin

Nasal

Eye

Ear

Vaginal

Rectal

Definition
Where are the sites of topical use?
Term
30 mins before or after meals
Definition
how long should you wait to administer a drug orally if it instructs on an empty stomach?
Term
decrease
Definition
Will food most likely increase or decrease the theraputic effect of a oral med?
Term
drug-drug interactions
Definition
what is a higher risk when administering drugs orally?
Term
Gloves
Definition
What is one this you should always wear when applying topical drugs?
Term
  1. Remove old patch 
  2. Document location of new patch
  3. ask about patches during medical history
  4. apply a label to the patch if it is hard to see
  5. Document the removal of a patch.

 

Definition
What are 5 things you should do concerning a transdermal patch?
Term

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers

(pMDIs)

Definition
inhalation device that requires sufficent hand strength to use
Term

Breath-actuated metered-dose inhalers

(BAIs)

Definition
Release depends on the strength of patient's breath
Term

Dry Powder Inhaler

(DPIs)

Definition
Inhaler activated by patient's breath
Term
Adminstering Inhalation
Definition
  • Produce local effects such as borchodilation
  • Some of these can create serious systemic side effects
Term
Divide the number of doses in the container by the number of doses the patient takes per day
Definition
How would you calculate how long an inhaler will last?
Term
Pressurized metered-dose inhaler
Definition
Which inhaler can you use a spacer with?
Term
Aseptic Technique
Definition
What kinda of technique would you use if there is a break in skin or mucosa when irrigating ?
Term
Clean technique
Definition
What kind of technique is used to irrigate a body cavity such as the ear or vagina?
Term
Parenteral
Definition
Injection into the body tissue
Term
Aseptic
Definition
What kinda of technique do you use when administering parenteral?
Term
Infection
Definition
There is a risk for ____ when administering med parenteral
Term
Syringe,ampule,or vial and GLOVES
Definition
What equipment do you need for a parenteral med?
Term
Yes
Definition
If 2 meds are compatible can they be mixed in one injection as long as the total dose is within accepted limits?
Term
  • Do not contaminate one medication with another
  • Ensure the final dose is accurate
  • Maintain Aseptic technique
Definition
What principles should you follow when mixing medications from 2 vials?
Term
Vial
Definition
When mixing medication from both vial and ampule which medication should you prepare first?
Term
yes
Definition
Do you use the same needle to draw from the ampule when you are mixing vial and amuple?
Term
the GI tract breaks down and destroys the oral form of insulin
Definition
Why is insulin given in an injection?
Term

Rapid

Short

Intermediate

Long-acting

Definition
How are insulin's classified?
Term
  • The volume of medication to administer
  • The characteristic and viscosity of the medication
  • The location of anatomical structures underlying the injection site.
Definition
Before injecting you should know.....
Term
  • Use the smallest suitable needle
  • apply a vapocoolant spray or topical anestetic to the injection site when possible.
  • Divert the patient's attention
  • Insert the needle quickly and smoothly
  • Hold the needle steady
  • inject the medication slowly and steadily 
Definition
How do you minize patient discomfort when giving injection?
Term
Extreme Pain and Local Tissue damage
Definition
What happens if yur inject too large a volume of medication for the site selected?
Term
artery or vein
Definition
if you do not aspirate the syringe before injecting an IM where could the medication accidently go?
Term
reduce muscular tension
Definition
why should you make sure the patient is in the most comfortable position possible when give an injection?
Term
Subcutaneous injection
Definition
medication is placed in the loose connective tissue under the dermis
Term
slower
Definition
subcutaneous injection are slower or faster than IM injections?
Term
body weight
Definition
what idicates the depth of the subcutaneous layer of a person?
Term
subcutaneous route
Definition
provides medicationdeliery under loose connective tissue with minimal pain receptor presence.
Term
right or left side of the abdomen at least 2 inches from the umbilicus
Definition
where do you administer heparin?
Term
90 degrees
Definition
what is the angle of the needle for IM ?
Term
45-90 degrees
Definition
what is the needle angle for a subcutaneous injection?
Term
15 degrees
Definition
what is the angle of the needle for a intradermal injection?
Term
3 inches or use a different route
Definition
what should the size of the needle be if the patient is obese?
Term
1/2 -1 inch
Definition
what size should a needle for a thing person be for IM?
Term
2-5ml
Definition
how much medication can be absorbed via IM in and adult?
Term
up to 2 ml
Definition
how much medication can be absorbed in children, older adults and thin adults via IM?
Term
up to 1ml
Definition
How much medication can be absorbed in small children and older infants via IM?
Term
up to 0.5 ml
Definition
what is the maximum amount a small infant can recieve via IM?
Term
  • assess the muscle before giving the injection
  • properly indentify the site by palpating bony landmarks
  • be aware of potentail complications
  • make sure the site is free of tenderness 
  • minimize discomfort
  • insert at 90 degrees
Definition
things to do when giving an IM
Term
Intradermal injections
Definition
this injection is used for testing the skin
Term
tuberculin or hypodermic needle
Definition
what kind of needle is used for a intradermal injection?
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