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Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 2
Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 2
43
Pharmacology
Professional
10/15/2013

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Cards

Term
What is bacteriostatic ?
Definition
Reversible inhibition of growth
Term
What is bactericidal ?
Definition
Irreversible inhibition of growth
Term
What is postantibiotic effect ?
Definition
Killing action continues once drug plasma levels are below measurable levels
Term
MBC and MIC of bactericidal agent are ?
Definition
MBC of a truly bactericidal agent is equal to or just slightly below its MIC
Term
What is MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) ?
Definition
Lowest concentration of antibiotic that prevents visible growth
Term
What kind of cell wall do gram positive bacteria have ?
Definition
Have a thick mesh-like cell wall made of peptidoglycan that stains purple
Term
Exs of gram positive bacteria ?
Definition
BESS CLAM
Bacillus
Enterococcus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

Clostridium
Listeria
Actinobacteria
Mycoplasma
Term
Choice of antimicrobial drug is influenced by what 2 things ?
Definition
Site of infection
Patients history
Term
Penicillin does not penetrate blood brain barrier b/c ?
Definition
Has low lipid solubility
Term
Don't give Vancomycin to someone with ?
Definition
renal dysfuction
Term
Don't give Nafcicillin to someone with ?
Definition
Hepatic dysfunction
Term
What route of administration is preferred for mild vs. serious infections ?
Definition
Mild infections = oral admin. preferred

Serious infections = parenteral admin. preferred
Term
What are some drugs that are cell wall synthesis inhibitors ?
Definition
B-lactam antibiotics
Bacitracin
Daptomycin
Fosfomycin
Vancomycin
Term
Target site for Beta-lactam antibiotics is ?
Definition
PBPs(Penicillin-binding proteins) which are bacterial enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis
Term
M. Tuberculosis has what type of cell wall ?
Definition
Mycolic acid cell wall, not peptidoglycan
Term
Penicillins are useless against what orgs ?
Definition
Organisms w/o peptidoglycan cell wall like mycoplasma, porotozoa, fungi, and viruses
Term
Penicillins activate what to initiate cell death ?
Definition
Autolysins
Term
Penicillins can cross cell walls of gram positive bacteria easier than porins of gram negative bacteria. True or False ?
Definition
True
Term
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) is active against gram positive and gram negative species, but is not active against what ?
Definition
Staph
Term
Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) is drug of choice for what 3 things ?
Definition
1) Syphilis
2) Strep infections (especially to prevent rheumatic fever)
3) Susceptible pneumococci
Term
Two examples of Repository Penicillins ?
Definition
Penicillin G Procaine and Penicillin G Benzathine
Term
Penicillin G Benzathine is drug of choice for what 2 things ?
Definition
Syphilis (congenital syphilis and neurosyphilis)

Rheumatic fever prophylaxis
Term
Two unique things about the natural penicillin, Penicillin V ?
Definition
1) Can give orally
2) Drug of choice for strep throat
Term
What are the "Antistaphylococcal" Penicillins ?
Definition
M N O D
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

All are Beta-Lactamase resistant
Term
Antistaphylococcal penicillins (MNOD) have what clinical uses ?
Definition
Can treat only Beta-lactamase producing staphylococci

First-line trt for staphylococci endocarditis in pts w/o artificial heart valves
Term
Two exs of "extended spectrum penicillins" ?
Definition
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Term
Unique feature of Amoxicillin ?
Definition
Has higher oral bioavailability than other penicillins
Term
Can give for endocarditis prophylaxis during dental or respiratory tract procedures ?
Definition
Amoxicillin
Term
Can give to treat enterococci and Listeria infections ?
Definition
Ampicillin and aminoglycoside
Term
For pregnant woman with a UTI or otitis media, can give what two drugs ?
Definition
Ampicillin or Amoxicillin
Term
Exs of "Antipseudomonal Penicillins" ?
Definition
C T P
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Term
"AntiPseudomonal Penicillins" (CTP) are active against what bacteria ?
Definition
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa !!
Term
What two drugs should not be placed together in same infusion fluid but are an empiric treatment for infective (ex: Strep Vridans) endocarditis ?
Definition
Penicillin + Aminoglycoside
Term
Which penicillin's absorption is not impaired by food ?
Definition
Amoxicillin
Term
Don't use this class of drugs for prostatitis or eye problems
Definition
Penicillins
Term
Which penicillin is excreted primarily in bile ?
Definition
Nafcillin
Term
Adverse effects of Penicillins ?
Definition
Hypersensitivity, GI problems, Psudomembranous colitis, Maculopapular rash, nephritis, neurotoxicity (in epileptic pts.), hepatitis, etc...
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of Pseudomembranous colitis ?
Definition
Ampicillin
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of Maculopapular rash ?
Definition
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of Hematologic toxicity ?
Definition
Ticarcillin
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of neutropenia?
Definition
"N"afcillin
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of interstitial nephritis?
Definition
Methicillin
Term
Penicillin that has adverse effect of hepatitis ?
Definition
Oxacillin
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