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Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 1
Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 1
43
Pharmacology
Professional
09/05/2013

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Cards

Term
Are anticoagulants good option for pre-existing clots ?
Definition
No, they only work to prevent formation of thrombi
Term
Examples of thrombolytics and how do they act ?
Definition
Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase
Thrombolytics break blood clots and they do this by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Term
What is Streptokinase ?
Definition
"Protein" produced by Beta Hemolytic streptococi
Term
Urokinase is approved for what ?
Definition
Approved for lysis of pulmonary emboli
Term
Ateplase, Reteplase, and Tenecteplase are what type of drugs ?
Definition
They are TPAs (tissue plasminogen activators). All these are "fibrin selective"....whereas streptokinase and urokinase are non-fibrin selective
Term
An example of a plasminogen activation inhibitor ?
Definition
Aminocaproic acid
It inhibits plasminogen activation
Term
What amino acid is protamine sulfate high in ?
Definition
High in arginine
Term
Vitamin K antagonist is ?
Definition
Warfarin
Term
If babies do not receive this vitamin, they can have bleeding ?
Definition
Vitamin K
Term
What should be given as trts for drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia (like from rat poison or insecticides) ?
Definition
Vitamin K in oral or parenteral forms

If need immediate hemostasis, fresh-frozen plasma should be infused
Term
What is hemostasis ?
Definition
Cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel
Term
Diff. b/w primary and secondary hemostatis ?
Definition
Primary hemostasis is platelet aggregation
Secondary hemostasis is coagulation
Term
3 types of drugs used to reduce clotting ?
Definition
P A T
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytics
Term
How does aspirin work ?
Definition
It inhibits TXA2 (Thromboxane A2) by irreversibly acetylating the COX1 and COX 2 enzymes
Term
What needs to form for a clot to form ?
Definition
Fibrin
Term
What are clopidogrel and ticlopidine ?
Definition
Are ADP receptor blockers, so they are irreversible inhibitors of P2Y12

Clopidogrel is preferred over ticlopidine
Term
Should clopidogrel and omeprazole be given together ?
Definition
No, because Omeprazole is a CYP2C19 inhibitor, so it reduces plasma levels of active metabolite of clopidogrel
Term
Ex of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ?
Definition
Dipyridamole
It is a coronary vasodilator
Used prophylactically to treat angina pectoris
Term
The 11b/111a complex is ?
Definition
a receptor for fibrinogen
Term
3 drugs that are blockers of platelet 11b/111a receptors ?
Definition
Abciximab, Eptifibatide, and Tirofiban
Term
All heparins can only be given by what method ?
Definition
I.V.
Term
Is low molecular weight heparin better or unfractionated heparin ?
Definition
LMWH is better b/c its efficacy is equal, has higher bioavailability, longer half-life, and less frequent dosing requirements

It also inhibits Xa but has less effect on thrombin than UFH
Term
What do you need to convert fibrinogen to fibrin ?
Definition
Thrombin
Term
Is it usually necessary to monitor LMWH blood levels ?
Definition
No
Term
What is the therapy for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Type 2 ?
Definition
Discontinue heparin and administer a DTI (direct thrombin inhibitor) or Fondaparinux
Term
Heparin overdose can be treated by administering ?
Definition
Protamine Sulfate
Term
Fondaparinux is approved for ?
Definition
Prevention and treatment of DVT
Term
3 examples of DTIs (direct thrombin inhibitors) ?
Definition
L B A
Lepirudin
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Term
Method of action of Warfarin ?
Definition
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
Term
How to monitor Warfarin levels ?
Definition
By monitoring PT ; results are expressed as INR
Term
2 adverse effects of Warfarin ?
Definition
1) Hemorrhage
2) Cutaneous necrosis due to reduced activity of protein C

Note: Warfarin is Pregnancy category X, and should never be given during pregnancy
Term
Another name for Christmas disease ?
Definition
Hemophilia B
Term
Iron deficiency anemia is what type of anemia ?
Definition
Hypochromic Microcytic anemia
Term
Acute blood loss is what type of anemia ?
Definition
Normocytic anemia
Term
What drug can be given to treat acute iron toxicity ?
Definition
Deferoxamine
Term
How is Vitamin B12 absorbed in the body ?
Definition
Forms a complex with intrinsic factor, and is absorbed in the distal ileum by a receptor-mediated transport system
Term
What happens if you give folic acid in the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency ?
Definition
It corrects the anemia but does not prevent neurologic manifestations
Term
Can folate deficiency cause a neurologic syndrome ?
Definition
No
Term
What are some drugs that can cause megaloblastic anemia ?
Definition
Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, and Pyrimethamine because they inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
Term
What are the uses for Filgrastim and Sargramostin ?
Definition
Used to accelerate recovery of neutrophils after cancer chemotherapy
Term
What is Interleukin 11 used for ?
Definition
Increases the number of peripheral platelets, and is used for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy
Term
What is Hydroxyurea used for ?
Definition
In sickle-cell disease, the drug increases HbF, thus diluting HbS
Term
What are the adverse effects of Hydroxyurea ?
Definition
Bone marrow suppression and cutaneous vasculitis
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