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Pharmacology Quiz 4
Cancer, GI, Antiviral, Antifungal
61
Pharmacology
Professional
04/17/2015

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an Alkylating agent used to treat cancer

I form alkyl radicals that covalently bind with nucleophiles 

I produce intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks blocking DNA and RNA replication and Apoptosis

Definition
Cyclophosphamide
Term

Who am I?

 

I am a platinum complex drug used to treat cancer

I produce interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks in DNA inducing apoptosis

Definition
Cisplatin
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

5-Fluorouracil

Definition

Antimetabolite

MOA: thymidylate synthase inhibitor (pyrimidine analog)

Used to treat cancer

 

Adverse effects: 

Mucositis from continuous infusion and bone marrow suppression from IV

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA polymerase which inhibits DNA synthesis

Definition
Cytarabine
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Methotexate

Definition

Folic acid analog that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

 

Used to treat cancer

 

Adverse: bone marrow depression= secondary infections

Term

Explain how I work and what drug I am combined with

 

Leucovorin rescue

Definition

Leucovorin= 5-formyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid used to replenish tetrahydrofolic acid levels

 

combined with methotrexate to treat cancer

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a folic acid analog

I am used to treat cancer

I inhibit 3 enzymes (thymidylate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and glycinaminde ribonucelotide formyltransferase) which inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis

I am often combined with cisplatin as first line treatment

Definition
Alimta (pemetrexed)
Term

What is our common MOA and what do we treat?

 

Mercaptopurine and Thioguanine

Definition

Purine analogs that inhibit incorporation of purine derviatives into nucleic acids inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis

 

Cancer Drugs

 Leukemia and lymphomas, IBS

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an inhibitor of cancer cell-specific tyrosine kinase 

I inhibit tumor cell proliferation and stimulate apoptosis

I doubled the 5 year survival rate for chronic myelogenous leukemia from 31% to 59%

Definition
Gleevec (imatinib)
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Bleomycin

Definition

 

DNA scission and fragmentation, inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms= inhibition of DNA synthesis 

 

SCC, testicular tumors and hodgkin's lymphoma

 

Do not use nitrous oxide sedation

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a vinca alkaloid from the Madagascar periwinkle

I bind to tubulin and inhibit microtubule assembly arresting cell division in metaphase

I am used to treat Hodgkin's disease/lymphomas, bladder and testicular cancers

I am known to cause leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

Definition
Vinblastine
Term

Who am I?

 

I am a monoclonal anti-EGF receptor (Her2) = antagonist= induces cell cycle arrest

 

Used to treat breast cancer

Definition
Herceptin (trastuzumab)
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Avastin (bevacizumab)

Definition

monoclonal anti-VEGF (blocking binding at VEGF receptor)

inhibits tumor-stimulated angiogensis

 

used to treat cancer

Term

In what phase do I cause cell death?

 

Prednisone (as used for leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma)

Definition
G1 phase
Term

What is my MOA?

 

Tamoxifen

Definition

Selective estrogen receptor modulator= estrogen receptor antagonist

 

used to treat estrogen-dependent breast cancer, decrease risk of uterine cancer

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an inhibitor of aromatase which inhibits estrogen synthesis

I am used to help treat breast cancer

Definition
Anastrozole (Armidex)
Term

What is our common effect?

 

Epogen and Procrit

Definition

Erythropoietin

Stimulation of red blood cells

 

used for anemia 

Term

Who am I?

 

I am used to treat leukopenia

I stimulate the production of neutrophils 

Definition
Neupogen (filgrastim)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am an interleukin that stimulates the production of platelets

Definition
Neumega (oprelvekin)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am a keratinocyte growth factor used for severe oral mucositis

Definition
Kepivance (palifermin)
Term

What is my MOA?

 

Zofran (ondansetron)

Definition

5HT3 receptor antagonist tha blocks central and peripheral vimiting reflex

 

Antiemetic

 

combining with apomoprhine can cause severe hypotension and loss of consciousness

Term

What is our MOA and what do we treat?

 

Pepcid (famotidine), Tagamet (cimetidine), Zantac (ranitidine), Axid (nizatidine)

 

The "tidines"

 

Definition

Competitive H2 histamine receptor antagonist

inhibits histamine stimulated gastric acid secretion

 

used to treat PUD (peptic ulcer disease) and GERD (gastroesphogeal reflux disease)

Term

What is our common MOA and what do we treat?

 

Prilosec (omeprazole), Nexium (esomeprazole), Prevacid (lansoprazole), Protonix (pantoprazole), Aciphex (rabeprazole)

 

The "prazoles"

Definition

Non-competetive covalent inhibitors of the proton pump H+K+ATPase

 

Used to treat PUD, GERD, erosive esophagitis

 

superior to the H2 antagonists (the tidines)

Term

Who am I?

 

I react with sodium bicarbonate to form sodium alginate

gastric pH will cause this alginate to precipitate out

 

I am used to treat PUD and GERD

Definition
Alginic Acid (Alka-seltzer)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am used to treat PUD and GERD

 

Aluminum hydroxide and sulfated sucrose form a gastroprotective viscous suspension that binds to ulcer sites

Definition
Carafate (sucralfate)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am a prostaglandin analog used with NSAIDs to protective the GI system

Definition
Cytotec (misoprostol)
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Reglan (metoclopramide)

Definition

Dopamine receptor antagonist

relaxes pyloric and duodenal segments and increases peristalsis

used to treat delayed stomach empting due to diabetes or after surgery

 

also inhibits stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone used as an antiemetic

Term

What is our common MOA and what are we used for?

 

Compazine (Prochlorperazine) and Reglan (metoclopramide)

Definition

inhibits stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone

used as antiemetics

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a laxative

I am methycellulose which absorbs water and expands

This expansion causes increased pressure which stimulates excretion via water in stool

Definition

 

Metamucil

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an anionic surfactant detergent used a laxative

Definition
Colace (docusate)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am a stimulant laxative that increases mucosal permeability allowing movement of fluid across the intestinal lumen

Definition
Senna
Term

What is my MOA and what am I used as?

 

Linzess (linaclotide)

Definition

Stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase which stimulates bowel muscle contractions

 

used as a laxative

Term

What is my MOA and what am I used as?

 

Amitiza (lubiprostone)

 

Bonus: What drug should you not take with me?

Definition

activates ClC-2 chloride channels in intestinal membranes (fatty acid derived form of PGE1)

which increases intestinal fluid secretion and motility

 

used as a laxative

 

Bonus:

do not take zydelig (idelalisib) which is used to treat lymphocytic leukemia due to severe/fatal diarrhea

Term

What are we and what do we treat?

 

Imodium (loperamide) and Lomotil (diphenoxylate)

Definition

opioid-like agents used to treat diarrhea

 

Lomotil is schedule V

 

Imodium alters motor function in the intestine delaying passage of fluid

Term

Who am I and what do I treat?

 

Muscarainic receptor antagonist (antispasmodic)

Intestinal smooth muscle relaxant which reduces intestinal hypermotility

Definition

Bentyl (Dicyclomine)

 

used for IBS

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an adsorbent and protectant used for diarrhea

Definition

Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin)

Kaolin is a natural hydrated aluminum silicate

Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)

Definition

mechanism not well understood

coats intestinal tract

 

used for diarrhea/nausea/GERD, black tongue/black stool

Term

What is our MOA and what do we treat?

 

Acyclovir and Valacyclovir

Definition

Guanosine analogs that selectively phosphorylate by viral thymidine kinase which inhibits viral DNA polymerase

 

Used to treat herpes

 

Valacyclovir is a prodrug of acyclovir that has better bioavailability

Term

Who am I?

 

I am used to treat HSV infections that are resistant to acyclovir, CMV retinitis and pneumonitis 

I am a polymerase inhibitor

Definition

Cytovene (ganciclovir) IV only

 

Valganciclovir is a prodrug oral form of ganciclovir

Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Abreva (docosanol)

Definition

inhibits fusion between human cell membrane and HSV which prohibits entry into the human cell

 

used to treat herpes

Term

Who I am?

 

I competitively inhibit neuraminidase on the surface of influenza virus particles

Used for influenza A and B

 

Do not used me for patients with asthma or COPD

Definition

Tamiflu (oseltamivir)

 

hydrolyzed to oseltamivir carboxylate in the liver

Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Selzentry (maraviroc)

Definition

CCR5 antagonist 

prevents CCR5 co-recptor (human) and gp120 subunut of virl envelope glycoprotein interaction via prevention of conformational change of gp120

 

Used to treat HIV/AIDS

Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Fuzeon (enfuvirtide)

Definition

Fusion inhibitor 

Gp41 initiates fusion of the virus into the lymphocyte cell surface

Prevents conformational changes and formation of entry pore

 

Used to treat HIV/AIDS

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase 

I mimic naturally occuring nucleotides

I have significantly reduced the incidence of neonatal infection from 30% to 1%

 

I was the first NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) developed for HIV/AIDS

Definition
Retrovir (zidovudine)
Term

Who am I?

 

I inhibit reverse transcriptase by binding to the enzyme adjacent to the active site

 

I am used to treat HIV/AIDS

 

I have a low resistance barrier

 

I can cause a false positive cannabinoid test

Definition
Sustiva (efavirenz)
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Invirase (saquinavir)

Definition

Inhibits HIV protease

this prevents proteins from being cut into usable pieces

leaves virons without the ability to infect other cells

 

used to treat HIV

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a protease inhibitor used to treat HIV/AIDS

 

I am a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4

Definition
Ritonavir
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Isentress (raltegravir)

Definition

Integrase inhibitor used to treat HIV/AIDS

 

integrase creates available ends on viral DNA

Term

What am I?

 

HAART

Definition

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy

 

combo drug of either a PI (protease inhibitor) or an NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) and two NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)

Term

What is our common MOA and what do we treat?

 

Victrelis (boceprevir), incivek (telaprevir), Olysio (simeprevir)

 

the "previrs"

Definition

Protease inhibitors used to treat Hepatitis C

 

often combined with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for chronic hep C

Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Harvoni (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir)

Definition

Ledipasvir inhibits a key viral kinase

Sofosbuvir is a RNA polymerase inhibitor

 

Used to treat Hepatitis C

 

When combined with Ribavirin= 90% cure rate

Term

Who am I?

 

I am the drug of choice for fungal infections of the oral cavity

I bind ergosterol and create pores in fungal cell membranes allowing K+ to leak out of the cell

I am used prophylactically for immunocompromised patients

I am only used topically

Definition
Mycostatin (nystatin)
Term

What is our common MOA and what do we treat?

 

Azoles 

 

Examples: Triazole and Imidazole

Definition

Inhibition of 14alpha-sterol demethylase

Fungal infections

 

Imidazole= simple candidasis

 

Triazoles for more extensive infections= metabolized slower and fever adverse effects/drug interactions

Term

Who am I?

 

I am an antifungal that is well absorbed from the GI tract

I inhibit synthesis of testosterone and estradiol

 

Definition
Nizoral (ketoconazole)
Term

Who am I?

 

I am an antifungal that is a triazole derivative 

I am a more selective inhibitor of fungal cell membrane 14alpha-sterol demethylase

Definition

Diflucan (fluconazole)

 

fluconazole resistant fungi are cross resistant to other azole antifungal agents

Term

Who am I?

 

I am a triazole antifungal (same MOA)

I am used if infection is resistant to nystatin, ketoconazole, fluconazole, etc

 

I am also a significant inhibitor of CYP3A4

Definition
Sporanox (itraconazole)
Term

What is my MOA and what do I treat?

 

Diquinol (iodoquinol)

Definition

Halogenated hydroxyquinoline with amebicidal, antitrichomonal, antibacterial and antifungal activity

 

Chelates trace metals at bacterial surfaces that are essential for growth

 

used for angular cheilitis 

Term

Who am I?

 

I am the most toxic antifungal

 

I have the same MOA as nystatin (binds to ergosterol and creates pore in fungal cell membranes allowing K+ to leak out)

Definition
Amphotericin B
Term

What is our common MOA?

 

Echinocandins (The Fungins)

 

Cancidas (caspofungin), Eraxis (anidulafungin), Mycamine (micafungin)

Definition

Inhibit glucan synthase inhibiting synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan which is essential for fungal cell walls

 

Specific for fungi since the target is not expressed in humans

Term

Who am I?

 

I am converted to 5-FU then to 5-FdUMP and then 5-FUTP

 

5-FdUMP inhibits fungal thymidylate synthase which shuts down DNA synthesis

5-FUTP inhibits RNA synthesis

I am used for cryptococcal endocarditis and meningoencephalitis

Warning: I can cause myelosuppression

Definition
Ancobon (flucytosine)
Term

What is our MOA and when are we prescribed?

 

Noxafil (posaconazole) and Vfend (voriconazole)

Definition

Triazole antifungals: inhibition of 14alpha-sterol demethylase

 

prescribed when candida loses sensitivity to itraconazole

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