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Pharmacology Lecture 1
Pharmacology Lecture 1
39
Pharmacology
Graduate
05/26/2010

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Term
Pharmaceutics
Definition
the label directions from the pharmaceutical company
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
how the drugs move in the body
Term
Pharmacodynamics
Definition
How the drugs work inside the body
Term
Pharmacotherapeutics
Definition
what the drug is used for. treatment, prevention, diagnosis
Term
Pharmacy
Definition
place to process, compound, dispense, and sell drugs
Term
Pharmacognosy
Definition
study of drugs from natural sources
Term
Toxicology
Definition
the study of poisons and adverse drug reactions
Term
Pharmacoeconomics
Definition
analysis that identifies, measures, and compares costs and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services.
Term
Pharmacologist
Definition
non-clinical so they cannot dispense/sell drugs. PhD trained in basic research. trained in medical schools. designs drugs, do research, teach.
Term
Pharmacist
Definition
clinical => legal authority to compound and dispense drugs upon Rx by licensed practitioner. BS to RPh or PharmD
Term
United States Pharmaceutical Convention
Definition
governing body that sets standards for all Rx and OTC drugs. works closely with the FDA and companies. insures uniform quality. stamp on every bottle. recognized as hallmark of quality world wide. manufacturing regulations. "chemical" not required to follow
Term
United States Pharmacopeia
Definition
Official, and volumes 1-3
Term
Physicians Desk Reference
Definition
unofficial. are the drug package inserts. publishing paid by drug companies, but information must be FDA approved.
Term
Trade Name Drugs
Definition
developed and sold by specific pharmaceutical company.
Term
Generic Drugs
Definition
patent expired, anyone can now make the dru, must be bioequivalent, must be proven to have same therapeutic effect.
Term
Off-Label Drugs
Definition
unapproved use of an FDA approved drug. it's legal, but may not be reimbursable. PDR only lists "on-label" uses.
Term
Orphan
Definition
used for rare diseases to give tax incentives to encourage R&D
Term
What drug classification do anti-HTN, and anti-inflammatory represent?
Definition
therapeutic
Term
what drug classification of drugs do ibuprofen represent?
Definition
chemical
Term
What classification of drugs do B-blocker and antacids represent?
Definition
Pharmacological
Term
What classification of drugs do tyelenol represent?
Definition
prototype.
Term
Exipient
Definition
an inactive ingredient in a drug.
Term
4 parts of pharmacokinetics
Definition
absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion.
Term
Absorption
Definition
process of drug getting from the site of administration to circulation.
Term
Distribution
Definition
transportation of drug molecules to active and inactive sites.
Term
Biotransformation
Definition
"metabolism", enzyme-mediated modification of drug's chemical structure
Term
Excretion
Definition
movement of drug and/or metabolites from body through excretory organs
Term
Factors affecting Absorption
Definition
Drug solubility, form of drug, movement across cell membrane, route of administration, condition of absorptive surface, drug concentration, ionization of drug, size of drug molecule.
Term
Issues with oral administration of drugs.
Definition
Gastric motility (effect of exercise). Pre-sysetmic biotransformation: affect of food in GI, Gagstric acids, GI flora inactivation.
Term
Factors affecting transportation
Definition
Things that affect circulation (CO,regional blood flow), Concentration gradients, physiological barriers(BBB, Placenta), Drug storage sites.
Term
Biotransformation sites
Definition
primarily liver. Placenta, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal mucosa.
Term
Biotransformation enzymes and factors affecting them.
Definition
Eleven of them. Liver Damage, genetics (especially related to 11 enzymes), age, kidney disease.
Term
Modes of Excretion
Definition
Renal (most common,must be water soluble, one or more passes, affected by kidney disease, blood flow, moelecular size). Hepatic (bile to feces). Perspiration, saliva, tears, breast milk
Term
Structurally non-specific pharmacodynamics
Definition
chemical alteration(antacids, electrolytes), Physical alteration (sunscreen).
Term
Structurally specific pharmacodynamics
Definition
drug receptor/enzyme interaction. Lock and key(affinity), Agonist (elicit desired effect), Antagonist (receptor blocker)
Term
Factors affecting pharmacodynamics
Definition
Individual variables: gender, size, weight, age, nutrition, ethnicity, other pathological processes. Influence of drug-drug interactions. Influence of drug-nutrient interactions.
Term
Adverse drug reactions
Definition
"noxious, unintended, and undesired effects that occur at normal drug doses". most common in very young, old, and ill, and with polypharmacy. Most common ADRs. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, GI distress.
Term
Types of ADRs
Definition
Sides effects, allergic, idiosyncratic, Iatrogenetic disease, teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, physical dependance.
Term
Uses of drug/indications for drug
Definition
the problem to be treated by the drug, the anticipated final outcome, the label information.
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