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Pharm Test 1- Antiseizure Meds
n/a
46
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
02/06/2010

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Cards

Term
True or False:
Antiseizure meds can be used with birth control
Definition
False; VERY teratogenic!
Term
No abrupt withdrawal of antiseizure meds- Must wean off over ___ to ___ weeks.
Definition
6-12 weeks
Term
Fact: Many antiseizure meds have therapeutic levels!
Definition
Term
Antiseizure meds depress the ___.
Definition
CNS
Term
Antiseizure MOA: (Benzos, Barbiturates)
Increase ___ ion influx into GABA molecules = ___ effect.
Definition
Chloride (Cl-)
Inhibitory
Term
Antiseizure MOA: (Hydantoin, Phenytoin)
Stop __ and __ ions = ___ effect.
Definition
Na+ and Ca+
Inhibitory
Term
GABA is an _____ neurotransmitter.
Definition
Inhibitory
Term
Name 3 drug categories that potentiate (increase the effect of; 'potent') GABA:
Definition
Barbiturates (Phenobarb)
Miscellaneous
Benzodiazepines
Term
Barbiturates (Phenobarbitol) have a therapeutic range of ___ to ___ mcg/mL
Definition
15-40 mcg/mL

Bar(Bit**)urates are 15-40 years old!
Term
Phenobarb causes severe CNS _____.
Definition
Depression

Barbi***urates tend to be 'depressed' people
Term
Phenobarb can lead to deficiencies of vitamins __, __, and __ __.
Definition
D, K, Folic acid

Get out in the sun a lot
Green leafy veggies
Term
Barbiturates (Phenobarb) are metabolized where?
Definition
Liver; monitor carefully in hepatic impairment
Term
Name 5 Miscellaneous drugs (that increase GABA):
Definition
1. Gabapentin (Neurontin)
2. Tiagebine (Gabitril)
3. Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
4. Levetiracetam (Keppra)
5. Topirmate (Topamax)

Gaba, Let's Keep Talking Now!
Term
Fact: Miscellaneous antiseizure meds have an unknown MOA.
Definition
Term
What 4 things would a nurse monitor for in a patient taking Miscellaneous antiseizure meds?
Definition
1. Daytime somnolence
2. Ataxia
3. Dizziness
4. Fatigue
Term
Topamax is a ___ drug.
It helps with ___.
Name 2 side effects of Topamax.
Definition
Miscellaneous
Migraines

1. Weight loss
2. Memory difficulty
Term
Name 4 Benzodiazepines.
Definition
1. Ativan (Lorazepam)
2. Valium
3. Xanax
4. Clonapin
Term
Benzo's have a HRF ___ and should only be used __ __.
Definition
Tolerance; short-term
Term
____ are the drug of choice for status epilepticus.
Definition
Benzos
Term
Benzos should NOT be used with other ___ ___. Benzos increase the levels of ___.
Definition
CNS depressants
Digoxin
Term
Benzos might cause Dig toxicity. Early signs of Dig toxicity are ___ and ___.

The therapeutic range for Dig is ___ to ___ nmol/l
Definition
Nausea and vomiting

1-2.5 nmol/l
Term
___ and ___-like drugs suppress __+.
Definition
Hydantoin and Phenytoin-like
Suppress Na+
Term
Hydantoin/phenytoin-like drugs ____ neuronal Na channels in order to ____ neuron activity.
Definition
desensitize
decrease
Term
True or False?
Hydantoin and Phenytoin-like drugs completely block Na channels.
Definition
FALSE
If Na channels were completely blocked, it'd be an anesthetic.
Term
What are the most used antiseizure meds?
Definition
Hydantoin and Phenytoin-like drugs
Term
Name 2 Hydantoins:
Definition
1. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
2. Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
Term
Name 3 Phenytoin-like drugs:
Definition
1. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
2. Valproic acid (Depakote)
3. Zonisamide (Zonegran)
Term
The therapeutic range for Dilantin is __ to __ mcg/mL.
Definition
10-20 mcg/mL
Term
Dilantin can only be administered with __, or else it may precipate/extravasate.

The max IVF Dilantin rate is __.
Definition
NS

50 mg/min
Term
__ Dilantin will cause tissue damage.
Definition
IM

"Ouch! IM going to DIe(lantin)!!
Term
What 2 things might Dilantin cause in the heart?
Definition
1. Dysrhythmias
2. Bradycardia

Your HEART SLOWS down when you're about to DIe(lantin).
Term
Dilantin interferes with 'packaging' of __ and __, causing deficits in both.
Definition
Vitamin D- eat dairy, fish, get sun; helps Ca absorb
Vitamin K- green leafy veggies; helps blood clot
Term
Valproic Acid (Depakene, Depakote) has a therapeutic level of ___ to ___ mcg/mL.
Definition
50-125 mcg/mL

Val'Pro'ic 50-125 yo ppl are 'pro's' at life.
Term
Valproic acid can cause fatal _____.
Definition
Hepatotoxicity
Term
Valproic levels > 100 mcg/mL can cause ___.
Definition
Thrombocytopenia

I looked at the VALley and said, "BOy, CYTE(sight)!"
Term
Do not __ or __ Valproic; may cause serious GI irritation.
Definition
Crush or chew
Term
Do NOT serve Valproic acid with __ __!
Definition
Carbonated beverages

2 acids can't go together! :)
Term
The therapeutic range of Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is __ to __ mcg/mL.
Definition
4-12 mcg/mL

Only kids 4-12 are allowed in the MAZE!(carbaMAZEpine)
Term
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) may cause ___ and ___.

S/S of each?
Definition
Aplastic anemia: Bleed, bruise
Agranulocytosis: Low grade fever, cough
Term
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) may only be administered __.
Definition
PO

A no-CARB(amazepine) diet makes me so PO'd!
Term
4 S/S of hydantoin/phenytoin toxicity?
Definition
Dizziness
Ataxia
Diplopia
Lethargy

Mr. FEENY(Pheny), Topanga is HIGH(Hy)!
(Pheny/Hydantoin give s/s that a high person would have)
Term
Hyndantoin and Pheytoin-like drugs have multiple drug-drug/food interactions. They may affect __ metabolism. They may also cause ___.
Definition
Vitamin K
Hyperglycemia
Term
Hydantoin and Phenytoin-like drugs increase the effects of ___.
Definition
Coumadin
Term
___ increases serum levels of Dilantin.
Definition
Tagamet
Term
GABA is an ____ neurotransmitter, so these drugs ___ its effects (or stop it from being blocked) in order to stop seizures!
Definition
Inhibitory
Increase
Term
Barbiturates can be given __, __, or __.
Definition
IM, IV, PO
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