Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharm - pain meds - test 1
2
64
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
09/13/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
topical
Definition
Applied to skin or mucous membranes to desensitize skin prior to applying deeper local anesthetic (surface numbing)
Term
local infiltration
Definition
Injecting anesthetics deeper into the tissues
Term
regional anesthesia
Definition
Injecting local anesthetic into nerves to block conduction of pain.
Term
epinephrine
Definition
causes vasoconstriction to keep anesthetic in area longer
Term
Na Bicarbonate
Definition
decreases the burn when used with lidocaine
- neutralizes acidic environment of infection
- anesthesia works better because of change in pH
Term
esters
Definition
class of local anesthesia that is used as as topical or injectable (benzocaine, procaine, cocaine)
Term
bezocaine, procaine, cocaine
Definition
three types of ester local anesthetics
Term
amides
Definition
Replaced esters as they have less side effects and longer duration of action
(Lidocaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine)
Term
Lidocaine, prilocaine, ropivacaine
Definition
three examples of amide local anesthetics
Term
Opioids & barbiturates
Definition
to ↓ apprehension, ↓ post operative pain, lessening induction/anesthetic doses with smoother recovery period
Term
amytal
Definition
opiod/barbituate used for preop sedation
Term
morphine
Definition
opoid/barbituate given pre and post op for pain relief
Term
dopamine blockers
Definition
drugs given to decrease N/V and relax skeletal muscles (Droperidal - Inapsine)
Term
Droperidal - Inapsine
Definition
two examples of dopamine blockers
Term
antiemetics
Definition
drugs given to decrease post-op N/V (Phenergan or Promethazine)
Term
Neuromuscular blockers
Definition
drugs given to relax skeletal muscles (Anectine – succinylcholine )
Term
Anectine – succinylcholine
Definition
two examples of neuromuscular blockers
Term
hydroxyzine(Vistaril) lorazepam(Ativan)
Definition
two preop drugs that make patient feel relaxed and then become sedated
Term
drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, ataxia
Definition
side effects of Visteral
Term
retrograde amnesia, unsteadiness, drowsiness, abdominal discomfort
Definition
side effects of Ativan
Term
z-track
Definition
method of administration for Visteral
Term
general anesthesia
Definition
Stops almost all activity in the brain
Causes total analgesia
Causes LOC, amnesia, and paralyzation
Term
IV
Definition
general anesthesia route used for shorter, quicker procedures
When combined with inhalation requires lower doses of inhaled meds witch decrease side effects
Term
inhalation
Definition
general anesthesia route used for longer, in-depth procedures
Term
rectal
Definition
general anesthesia route used for hemorrhoids
Term
IV
Definition
route for Barbiturates:
Pentothal, Etomidate, propofol
Term
IV
Definition
route for Benzodiazepines:
Valium, Ativan, Versed
Term
IV
Definition
route for Opioids:
Fentanyl, sufentanil citrate, alfentanil hydrochloride
Term
inhalation
Definition
route for Desflurane, enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, nitrous oxide
Term
sustance P
Definition
needed to carry pain message in nervous system at spinal cord to brain
Term
endorphins
Definition
are small, protein molecules that are natural painkiller produced by cells in your nervous system and other parts of your body.
Term
dynorphins
Definition
natural painkiller an endogenous opioid derived from the prohormone prodynorphin. It is a neuroactive peptide with potent analgesic effects
Term
enkephalins
Definition
natural painkiller that is a pentapeptide involved in regulating nociception in the body
- internally derived and bind to the body's opioid receptors
Term
Opioid analgesic/opiates
Definition
Pain meds from poppy plant (synthetic, natural)
Term
narcotic
Definition
Morphine like drug, produces analgesia & CNS depression
Term
opiod antagonist
Definition
Prevent effects of opioids/reverses them
Term
NSAIDS
Definition
act on peripheral level to decrease pain
Term
opiates/narcotics
Definition
act on CNS to decrease pain
Term
12
Definition
with opiod use, if respirations drop below ___ notify MD - may need Narcan
Term
COX-2 inhibitors
Ibuprofen & ibuprofen-like (nonsalicylates)
Salicylates
Centrally acting agents
Definition
4 sub-categories of NSAIDS
Term
NSAIDS
Definition
analgesic that should be given with food, milk, or antacids to decrease harmful GI affects
Term
aspirin
Definition
do not use _____ when on NSAIDS
Term
aspirin
Definition
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, has greater anti-inflammatory effects, prolongs bleeding time
Term
Salicylates: ASA
Definition
Derived from acetyl salicylic acid
Useful in pain management due to analgesic,
antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects
Term
salicylates
Definition
should not be used w/ Hepatic or renal disease, pregnancy and lactation, pre-existing hypo- prothrombinemia, vitamin K deficiency, peptic ulcer, GI irritations, mild diabetes, gout
Term
ergot alkaloids
Definition
migraine medication that is prescribed when tryptans are not effective
Term
blood glucose
Definition
a dangerous side effect of glucocorticosteroids is that they can elevate ______ ________
Term
first
Definition
which generation of anti-histimines causes the side-effect of sedation
Term
APAP
Definition
Acetaminophen AKA: Non-salicylates is also known as
Term
acetylcysteine
Definition
used to treat acute tylenol overdose to prevent liver damage
Term
Respiratory alkalosis, hemorrhage, confusion, asterixis (flapping tremor), pulm. edema, convulsions, tetany, shock, coma, fever, renal and resp. failure
Definition
signs of very high ASA levels
Term
Triptans
Ergot alkaloids
Definition
two types of drugs used to stop a migraine in progress
Term
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blocker
Antidepressant
antiseizure
Definition
4 types of drugs to prevent migraines from occuring
Term
sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Definition
seratonin stimulator used to stop a migraine
Term
imitrex, zomig, maxalt
Definition
three triptan antimigraine medications
Term
Physical dependency
Tachycardia/palpitations
MI
Hypotension
Stimulates serotonin
Use cautiously in those with cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes
Definition
side efects of triptans
Term
Migergot, Migranal, or Methergine
Definition
three examples of ergotamines (ergot alkalies)
Term
Physical dependency
Tachycardia/palpitations
MI
Hypotension
Stimulates serotonin
Use cautiously in those with cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes
Definition
side effects of triptans
Term
N/V
Weakness in legs, muscles
Pain/tingling/numbness in fingers & toes
Angina-like pain
Tachycardia
Definition
side effects of Ergotamines
Term
10-20 minutes
Definition
Sub q sumatriptan (imitrex) ends H/A in ____________
Term
60 minutes - 2
Definition
antimigraine medications may be repeated after ____, but no more than ___ times per day
Term
X
Definition
ergot antimigraines are pregnancy category __
Term
reyes syndromes
Definition
a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain
Term
as confusion, seizures and loss of consciousness
Definition
s/s of reyes syndrome
Supporting users have an ad free experience!