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PHARM Lehne
Drugs Used to Treat Infection
58
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/09/2014

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Term
ANTIBIOTIC
Definition
NATURAL CHEMICAL THAT'S PRODUCED BY 1 MICROBE AND HAS ABILITY TO HARM ANOTHER (MOLD MAKES PENICILLIN)
Term
RESISTANCE
Definition
EVOLVING MICROBIAL RESPONSE THAT MAKES ANTIBIOTICS USELESS
Term
CHEMOTHERAPY
Definition
USE OF CHEMICALS AGAINST INVADING ORGANISMS
Term
ANITMICROBIAL
Definition
NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC AGENT W ABILITY TO KILL OR SUPPRESS MICROORGANISM (SULFANOMIDES)
Term
TYPES OF ANTIEFFECTIVE AGENTS
Definition
PENICILLINS, CEPHALOSPORINS, CARBAPANEMS, VANCOMYCIN, TETRACYCLINE, MACROLIDES, CLINDAMYCIN,LINEZOLID,CHLORAMPHENICOL
Term
#1 CAUSE OF SEPSIS

BLOOD INFECTION BY UTI
Definition
UTI

UROSEPSIS
Term
T/F MRSA IS ONLY RESISTANT TO METHYCILLIN
Definition
FALSE
Term
WHAT TYPES OF INFECTIONS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS?

GRAM -
Definition
PNEUMONIA, UTI, INFECTIONS OF HEART, EARS, JOINTS
Term
WHAT TYPES OF INFECTIONS ARE CAUSED BY GRAM + ORGANISMS?
Definition
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, STAPH. EPIDERMIS
Term
SELECTIVE TOXICITY
Definition
ABILITY OF A DRUG TO INJURE A TARGET CELL WITHOUT INJURING OTHER CELLS CLOSE BY
Term
WHY DO ANTIBIOTICS WORK?
Definition
SELECTIVE TOXICITY
Term
HOW TO DISRUPT A BACTERIAL CELL WALL (3 WAYS)
Definition
1. PREVENT CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
2. ACTIVATE ENZYMES THAT DESTROY WALL
3. INCREASE CELL WALL PERMEABILITY
Term
HOW DOES PENICILLIN, CEPHALOSPORIN AND VANCOMYCIN WORK TO DISRUPT THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL?
Definition
BY PREVENTING CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Term
HOW DO SULFANOMIDES WORK TO DISRUPT THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL?
Definition
BY ACTIVATING ENZYMES
Term
HOW DOES AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND TETRACYCLINE WORK TO DISRUPT THE BACTERIAL CELL WALL?
Definition
BY INHIBITING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Term
ARE AMINOGLYCOSIDES BACTERIOCIDAL OR BACTERIOSTATIC?
Definition
BACTERIOCIDAL
Term
ARE TETRACYCLINES BACTERIOCIDAL OR BACTERIOSTATIC?
Definition
BACTERIOSTATIC
Term
DRUGS THAT ARE DIRECTLY LETHAL TO BACTERIA AT CLINICALLY ACHIEVABLE CONCENTRATIONS?
Definition
BACTERIOCIDAL
Term
DRUGS THAT SLOW DOWN MICROBIAL GROWTH BUT DO NOT CAUSE DEATH ARE?
Definition
BACTERIOSTATIC
Term
WHAT BECOMES RESISTANT TO ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY?
Definition
THE BACTERIA/MICROBES
Term
WHAT DOES THE BACTERIAL PRODUCE THAT METABOLIZES OR BREAKS DOWN CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS?
Definition
ENZYMES
Term
WHAT IS AN ENZYME MADE BY A BACTERIA THAT MAKES IT RESISTANT TO PENICILLIN?
Definition
PENICILLINASE
Term
WHAT IS AN ENZYME THAT IS MADE BY BACTERIA THAT HELPS TO RESIST CERTAIN ANTIEFFECTIVES THAT HAVE BETA LACTAM RING?
Definition
BETA LACTAMASE
Term
2 WAYS THAT MICROBES ARE RESISTANT:
Definition
1.PREVENT BINDING OF ANTIBIOTIC BC OF RIBOSOMAL STRUCTURE CHANGES
2.MAKE PABA TO BLOCK ANTIBIOTIC ACTION
Term
CONJUGATION
Definition
WHEN ONE BACTERIA PASSES ITS SECRETS AND DNA INFORMATION TO OTHER BACTERIA
Term
WHAT IS THE PROCESS CALLED THAT ALLOWS BACTERIA TO CHANGE AND LEADS TO MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE?
Definition
CONJUGATION
Term
T/F CAN NORMAL FLORA PASS "RESISTANT INFORMATION" TO PATHOGENS"?
Definition
TRUE (OCCURS MOSTLY IN GRAM - BACTERIA)
Term
T/F ANTIBIOTICS PROMOTE RESISTANT PATHOGENS AND PROMOTE RESISTANCE OF NORMAL FLORA?
Definition
TRUE
Term
ANTIBIOTICS THAT ARE ACTIVE AGAINST A WIDE VARITTY OF MICROBES CALLED WHAT?
Definition
BROAD SPECTRUM
Term
ANTIBIOTICS THAT ARE ACTIVE AGAINST ONLY A FEW SPECIES OF MICROORGANIMS CALLED WHAT?
Definition
NARROW SPECTRUM
Term
THE MORE WE USE ANTIBIOTICS, THE SLOWER OR FASTER THE DRUG RESISTANT ORGANISMS WILL EMERGE?
Definition
FASTER
Term
WHERE ARE THE MOST EXTREMELY DRUG RESISTANT ORGANIMS FOUND?
Definition
HOSPITAL
Term
WHAT IS A NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION?
Definition
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
Term
WHAT IS A NEW INFECTION THAT OCCURS DURING A COURSE OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY?
Definition
SUPER OR SUPRA-INFECTION
Term
T/F ANTIBIOTICS WILL HELP NORMAL FLORA INHIBIT RESISTANT ORGANISMS?
Definition
FALSE, ANTIBIOTICS ELIMINATE THE INHIBITORY INFLUENCE OF NORMAL FLORA
Term
2 EXAMPLES OF SUPER INFECTIONS ARE:
Definition
STOMATITIS
YESAT INFECTIONS
Term
ARE NARROW SPECTRUM OR BROAD SPECTRUM BIGGER CONTRIBUTORS TO SUPRAINFECTIONS?
Definition
BROAD SPECTRUM
Term
WHAT ARE 2 TYPES OF SUPERINFECTIONS?
Definition
YEAST
FUNGAL
Term
WHAT INFECTION HAS THESE SYMPTOMS: SORE MOUTH, WHITE PATCHES ON ORAL MUCOSA,BLACK FURRY TONGUE
Definition
STOMATITIS
Term
WHAT INFECTION HAS THESE SYMPTOMS: RASH, ITCHING, VAGINAL DISCHARGE
Definition
VAGINITIS
Term
DO BROAD OR NARROW SPECTRUM DRUGS CAUSE C-DIFF?
Definition
BROAD
Term
C-DIFF IS ALSO KNOWN AS AAPC, WHAT DOES THIS STAND FOR?
Definition
ANTIBIOTIC ASSOCIATED PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
Term
WHAT ARE SOME SYMPTOMS OF C-DIFF>
Definition
FOUL ODOR, BLOODY, WATERY DIARRHEA
Term
WHAT DRUGS ARE USED TO TREAT C-DIFF?
Definition
METRONIDAZOLE (FLAGYL)
VANCOMYCIN
Term
WHAT STEPS CAN THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY TAKE TO PREVENT ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE?
Definition
Vaccinate
use Narrow spectrum antibiotics
use Disease experts
use Antibiotics WISELY
do NOT contaminate cultures
Treat infection, not colonization
use Vancomycin only when appropriate
do not transfer pathogens
WASH YOUR HANDS!
Term
What is the best way to select the right antibiotic?
Definition
Cultures
Term
What are some ways to obtain a culture?
Definition
Throat swab, wound specimen, sputum, urine, blood
Term
How should cultures be delivered to the lab?
Definition
Fresh and uncontaminated
room temp (do not refrigerate)
protected and unexposed to oxygen, antiseptics and normal body flora
Term
HOW ARE MICROBES IDENTIFIED IN THE LAB?
Definition
MICROSCOPIC ID OF GRAM-STAINED PREP
Term
AFTER AN OFFENDINIG MICROORGANISM HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED, WHAT TYPE OF TESTING IS DONE NEXT?
Definition
SENSITIVIY FOR DRUG EFFECTIVENESS

1.DISK-DIFFUSION/KIRBY-BAUER TEST
2.BROTH DILUTION
Term
DURING A DISK-DIFFUSION TEST, WHAT IS MEASURED ON THE AGAR PLATE?
Definition
THE DIAMETER OF THE BACTERIA FREE ZONE AROUND EACH DISK
Term
WHAT IS A 'C & S'?
Definition
CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
Term
This is the lowest concentration of antibiotic that produces complete inhibition of bacterial growh during a lab test:
Definition
MIC
MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION
Term
This is the lowest concentration of a drug that produces a 99.9% decrease in bacterial colonies in a lab test:
Definition
MBC
MINIMUM BACTERIOCIDAL CONCENTRATION
Term
KNOW THESE 6 FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DRUG THERAPY:
Definition
1. Immune system of host
2. Site of infection (can drug get to it)
3. Age & risk of toxicity
4. Preg/Breast feeding
5. Previous Allergic Reactions
6. Genetic Factors
Term
T/F A PATIENT SHOULD STOP THEIR ANTIBIOTICS WHEN THEIR SYMPTOMS DISAPPEAR?
Definition
FALSE, doing so may result in recurrent infections and more drug resistant organisms
Term
When is it appropriate to use a combination of antibiotics? (Hint:there are 3 times)
Definition
1. infection involves MULTIPLE organisms
2. infection is SEVERE
3. treatment of TB
Term
What is the difference between empiric and prophylactic therapy?
Definition
EMPIRIC- treatment happens before lab data confirms organism type (pt has symptoms)
PROPHYLACTIC- preventative therapy(pt has no symptoms)
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