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Pharm II
Ab in Reptiles
18
Pharmacology
Professional
04/21/2014

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Cards

Term
Antibiotic Considerations
Definition
-Little PK data avail
-Few Ab commonly used
-Broad spectrum
-Reptile infections usually Gram (-)
Term
Chelonia
Definition
Ampicillins
-usually used for staph infections in tortoises

Tetracyclines
-rarely used in reptiles!
-DOXY for staph, klebsiella, chlamydiosis
Term
Chelonia
Aminoglycosides
Definition
-Gentamicin has narrow range of safety due to nephrotoxicity
-Amikacin commonly used for gram (-) infections
Term
Chelonia
Fluoroquinolones
Definition
-Several studies for use of enrofloxacin in turtles and tortoises
-large variation in PK parameters
-P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Salmonella
Term
Chelonia
Otitis Media
Definition
-common in tortoises
-mixed gram (-) organisms
-sx debridement of abscess
-local and systemic Ab
Term
Chelonia
Shell Necrosis
Definition
-Common in aquatic turtles
-poor hygiene
-often mixed bacterial and fungal
-debridement of lesions
-topical antimicrobial therapy
-systemic
Term
Crocs
Aminoglycosides
Definition
-Amikacin commonly used for tx of gram (-) infections
-bacterial pneumonia and dermatitis common
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Definition
-most PK studies performed in snakes
Term
Squamata:
Lizards and Snakes
Penicillins
Definition
-Piperacillin
-aerobic gram (-)
-tx of pnuemonia
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Cephalosporins
Definition
-Ceftazidime most commonly used in snakes
-no nephrotoxin
-no side effects
-broad spectrum
-long lasting (48-72 hrs)
-small volume
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Chloramphenicol
Definition
-rarely used in reptiles
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Aminoglycosides
Definition
-Amikacin commonly used in snakes
-make sure p is well hydrated!
-Gentamicin not used much because narrow margin of safety
Term
Squamata: Lizards and Snakes
Fluoroquinolones
Definition
-commonly used in lizards and snakes
-effective against Psuedomonas
Term
Combined Antimicrobial Therapy
Definition
-Amikacin + penicillins
-Amikacin + Ceftazidime
-Metro for anaerobic
Term
Septicemia
Definition
-often not dx
-chronically ill reptiles are often immunocompromised
-tx initiated after presumptive dx
-dx based off of clinical and lab findings
-blood culture
-broad spectrum most effective
Term
Physiologic Considerations
Definition
-Ectotherms
-Temperature affects physiological processes
-health status influences metabolism
-suboptimal environmental conditions should be corrected
Term
Administration of Ab
Definition
-SQ or IM
-uptake and distribution not reliable in oral admin
-GI transient time varies widely in species
-chronically sick are often anorectic
-most require supportive care
-force feeding causes additional stress
-snakes are easy to medicate
-consider injection volume and size of patient
Term
Metabolic Scaling
Definition
-Often used in exotic species
-consider species differences
-most studies are geared towards one species! Not all species are the same!
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