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Pharm Exam #1
Pharmacology Exam #1
66
Pharmacology
Professional
09/19/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Heavy Lazy Cats Place Volatile Blinds Determined Acetylcholine
Definition
Agents affecting Cholinergic Tramission

Hemicholinium: block choline reuptake

Latrotoxin: poison that releases Ach
Calcium: required for the aps induced release of ach from the nerve (interacts with proteins on vesicles)


Physostigmine: inhibits AchE

Vesamicol: Blocks Ach into vesicles

Botulinus Toxin: interfers with the release of Ach. It prevents the hydrolysis of the trafficking proteins on the vessicle and on nerve terminal that bringing about the merging. Prevents exocytosis release of Ach.

d-tubocurarine: blocks nicotinic effects of Ach. It blocks it mostly at the end plate of neuromuscular junctions.

Atropine: is an ester that is found in plants. It block cholinergic receptors of the muscaricnic receptors. Atropine blocks the muscarininc effects of Ach. It doesn’t block the nicotinic effects of Ach.
Term
Therapeutic Uses of Botulinum Toxin
Definition
- Blepharospasm (contraction of the eyelid)
- Strabismus ( visual axis of the eyes aren't directed to the same point)
- Spasm of vocal cords
- Achalasia
Term
Who generates IPSP and EPSP at autonomic ganglia? AND
Definition
muscarinic
Term
Who mediates the end plate potential (EPP) at the end plate of skeletal muscle fibers? and fast excitatoray postsynaptic potential (fEPSP)?
Definition
Nicotinic Actions
Term
Response to doses of Nicotine at LOW doses...does what? and to High doses?
Definition
-Autonomic ganglia (but at high doses depolarization blockade due to memb. being dep. for a long period of time) TQ
-Adrenal medullary cell
-End plate of skeletal muscle
Term
Specific Antagonists for Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes (name 3). TQ
Definition
M1 @ Autonomic ganglia, gastric tissue. Pirenzepine & Telenzepine

M2 @ Cardiac muscle fiber. Tripitamine & Gallamine (and nico)

M3 @ Smooth muscles and glands. Darifenacin

"Pristine Tangerines Tenderize Gifted Dictators"
Term
"Pristine Tangerines Tenderize Gifted Dictators"
Definition
Muscarinic receptor antagonists.

PirenzePINE
TelenzePINE
TripitAMINE
GallAMINE (and block nico)
DarifenACIN
Term
Contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris is what?
Definition
Smaller pupil (miosis)= Parasympathetic innervation
Term
Thickened lens and contracted ciliary muscle is under what control?
Definition
Parasympathetics stim. allows for near sighted accomodation
Term
Define inotropic, chrono and dromotropic.
Definition
Inotropic: pertaining to the force or energy of muscular contractions

Chronotropic: time (rate)

Dromotropic: running or conduction
Term
Parasym Cardiac effects of Inotropy, chrono and dromotropy (conduction of nerve impluse)? TQ
Definition
ALL NEGATIVE!!!
Term
What does SA node, atrial musucle, AV node all have in common with the parasym control?
Definition
All Ach affects K conductance (open) and rate of impulse flow.
Term
Cholinergic Agents. (name two categories)
Definition
Alkaloids and Synthetic Agents
Term
Alkaloids cholinergic agents. (Name 3)
Definition
"Musky Purple Altoids"

Muscarine
Pilocarpine
Arecoline
Term
Cholinergic Synthetic agents. Name 5.
Definition
"Overdue Magnets Bump Cute Cases"

OxotremoRINE
Methacholine
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Cevimeline
Term
"Overdue Magnets Bump Cute Cases"
Definition
Synthetic agents of cholinergic
Term
Muscarine does?
Definition
Cholnergic agent that mimics the actions of Ach at smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands.

Toxic mushrooms
Term
Pilocarpine does? TQ
Definition
- Has muscarinic actions
- Used for xerostomia
- Used for glaucoma
Term
Derivatives of Ach. (3)
Definition
Methacholine
Carbachol
Bethanechol
Term
Contraindications of use of Choline Esters. (5)
Definition
-Hyperthyroidism
- Asthma
- Coronary insuff.
- Peptic ulcer
- Organic obstruction in bladder or GI tract
Term
Toxicity of choline esters.
Definition
FLUSHING
SWEATING
AB CRAMPS
SPASM OF BLADDER
MIOSIS
HEADACHE
SALIVATION LACRIMATION
BRADY CARDIA
Term
Difference btw Ach and AchE?
Definition
Addition of Glutamate-Histidine-Serine
Term
What inhibits AChE?
Definition
Carbamyl
Term
Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE. (7)

"Pissed Normal Psychos Assault Delightful Red Carbamyl's"
Definition
Physostigmine
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Ambenonium
Demecarium
Rivastigmine
Carbaryl
Term
Organophosphate Inhibitors of AChE (via phosophorylation).

"Scary Taliban Shoot Danger"
Definition
Sarin
Tabun
Soman
Diisopropylfluorophosphate
Term
Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE target.
Definition
Eye
Exocrine glands
Cardiac
Smooth muscles
Skeletal muscle
Term
Theurapic useds of Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE.
Definition
glaucoma
atony of the bladder
atony of the GI
Myasthenia gravis
Intox. by antimuscaric and TCA's
Term
What is used to tx and diagnose Myastenia Gravis?
Definition
tx by using a carbamyl inhibitor of AChE and diagnosed with EDROPHONIUM (short acting inhibitor of AChE)
Term
TQ Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE is reversed by PRALIDOXIME!!
Definition
TQ Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE is reversed by PRALIDOXIME!!
Term
Quaternary ammonium compounds cross the BBB?
Definition
NO!!
Term
Carbamyl inhibitors of AChE do what?!?!?
Definition
High doses produce skeletal muscle weakness due to depolarizing blockade at the end plate of the NM junc.
Term
What are Malathion and Parathion?
Definition
Organophosphate inhibitors of AChE!!
Term
Malathion is used as?
Definition
Insecticide. Like for head lice. Organophosphate AChE inhibitor
Term
Tx of Organophosphate inhibtor of AChE?
Definition
use atropine and pralidoxime tq
Term
What happens to AChE when it ages? TQ
Definition
AChE, phosphorylated and inhibited by DFP!!! (added OH somehow)
Term
What is used to reactivate an phosphorylated "aged" AChE?
Definition
OXIMES!!! like Pralidoxime TQ, but in high doses it can inhibit AChE
Term
What is used to tx Alzheimer's Dz?

"Grandparents Really Dont Think"
Definition
Inhibitors of AChE

Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Doneprezil
Tacrine
Term
Malathion Metabolism TQ
Definition
Rapidly metabolized by birds and mammals

plasma carboxylases are involved

insects do not possess the enzyme

organophosphates inhibit malathion metabolism

malathion is toxic to fish
Term
If you block muscarinic receptors will Ach still be able to release NE?
Definition
yes!! At sympathetic cardiac , smooth muscle and glands, and at somatic skeletal muscle fibers AND ADRENAL MEDULAA........ b/c Andergic and Nictinic receptors
Term
In dual innervated organs, muscarinic receptros blockade Allows what dominance??!?!?
Definition
SYMPATHETIC. b/c para regulated by muscarinic and sympathetic is regulated by adergenic receptors
Term
Response to ACh in the presence of Atropine. Does what? TQ
Definition
Atropine is an cholingeric alkaloid agent that BLOCKADES COMPETITIVE TQ

Shifts graph to the RIGHT!! Need more ACh to remove it TQ
Term
Actions of Atropine.
Definition
Blocks Parasym mus. receptors.........

focus to distant objects and accomodation is blocked (Cycloplegia)

Ciliary muscle: cycloplegia
Sphincter muscle of iris: dilation mydriasis
Term
Cardiovascular actions of atropine. Low vs High. TQ
Definition
Low: slight decrease in HR
High: Tachycardia TQ

NONE on Blood vessels!! diff receptros
Term
TQ: Prior blockade of muscarinic receptors followed by IV infusion of a HIGH DOSE OF ACh convberts the bradycard and hypotensive response to TACHYCARDIA AND HYPERTENSION mediated by NICOTINIC
Definition
TQ: Prior blockade of muscarinic receptors followed by IV infusion of a HIGH DOSE OF ACh convberts the bradycard and hypotensive response to TACHYCARDIA AND HYPERTENSION mediated by NICOTINIC
Term
At what dosage you get from brady to Tachycardia with Atropine?
Definition
1.0-2.0 and ABOVE!
Term
Scopolamine has similar effects with the heart as atropine.
Definition
both anti-mus= sympathetics!! at high dose.

competitive
Term
TQ: Scopolamine in the presence of pain, the same therapeutic dose occasionally cause excitement, restlessness, hallucination or delirium. Such excitement is always seen with large doses, as is also seen with large doses of atropine.

used for motion sickness
Definition
TQ: Scopolamine in the presence of pain, the same therapeutic dose occasionally cause excitement, restlessness, hallucination or delirium. Such excitement is always seen with large doses, as is also seen with large doses of atropine.

used for motion sickness
Term
Theurapeutic uses of antimuscarinic agents.
Definition
peptic ulcers

spasticity of the gi tract

excessive salivation

increase bladder capacity in cases of enuresis (inability to control urination)

CNS: Park dz, motion sickness,

posion of inhibitors of AChE
Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Ophthalmic application.

"Torpedo Hit Cyclops"
Definition
Tropicamide

Homatropine

Cyclopentolate
Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Parkinson's dz.

"Boxing Tremor"
Definition
Benztropine

Trihexphenidyl
Term
Tertiary Muscarinic Antagonists for Antispasmodic purposes for URINARY BLADDER.

"Over Fluid Toliet"
Definition
Oxybutynin

Fesoterodine

Tolterodine


- Other antispasmodic is Dicyclomine, oxyphencyclimine, Darifenacin, etc.
Term
Quaternary Ammonium are classified as what?
Definition
Muscarinic Antagonists ( Glycopyrrolate, Ipratropium etc.)
Term
Name some Quaternary Ammonium Antagonists (Muscarinic).
Definition
Glycopyrrolate

Ipratropium (TQ); inhibits interaction of ACh at receptor sites on the bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. Also decrease secretions. TREATS COPD and preserves ciliary motility in the bronchial mucosa
Term
Two drugs used for peptic ulcers.

"TANGY PEPSIN"
Definition
Telenzepine

Pirenzepine

* Both anti-muscarinic and block M1
Term
Tripitamine
Definition
Block the M2 receptor, by action of ACh at cardiac muscle fibers
Term
Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) Long Acting drugs are?

" Could paralyze muscles DAYS"
Definition
Curare

Pancuronium

Metocurine

Doxacurium

*80-180 minuties duration but slow onset of 4-6 minutes
Term
Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) Intermediate Acting drugs are?
Definition
Vecuronium

Atracurium

Rocuronium

*onset 2-4 minutes, duration 30-90 minutes
Term
Nicotinic Competitive blockers (non-depolarizing) SHORT Acting drugs are?
Definition
Mivacurium

onset 2-4 minutes, duration 12-18 minutes
Term
Which Competitive ganglionic nicotinic drug blocker release Histamine the most?
Definition
Curare

Atracurium

Metrocurine

Consequence: Hypotension, bronchospasm, bronchial and salivary secretions increased
Term
Elimination of competitive NM blockers of

Curare

Metaocurine

Pancuronium

Atracurium and Mivacurium

Others where?
Definition
Kidney

Plasma Esterases

Liver others
Term
competitive NM blockers TOXICITY
Definition
Apnea

Hypotension

Histamine release and bronchial spasm and secretions increased
Term
Depolaring Neuromuscular BLOCKERS?ysis and
Definition
SUCCINYLCHOLINE AND QUARTERNARY NITROGEN


depolarize ONLY Nm receptors and not at ganglion.

onset 1 minute for paralysis and duration 5 minutes. POTENTIATED BY AChEI TQ!!!! (inverse relation with competitive blockers of nictoinic)
Term
Depolarizing Neuromuscular blockers like Succinylcholing and Quat. Nitrogen does what in the presence of antibiotics, AChE inhibitors and halogen?
Definition
Potentiated by ACHE inhibitors and Mycins but NOT HALOGEN
Term
If you have a genetic deficiency in plasma esterases what competitive nico gang blocker you can't metabolize?
Definition
Atracurium

Mivacurium
Term
Toxicity of Deplorizer NM blocker is?
Definition
Apnea

Malignant Hyperthermia

efflux of K and Ca, so contraindicated in burns, trauma, and other conditions which increase plasma K
Term
Botulinus Toxin does what?
Definition
prevent release of ACh via gang BLOCKER NICO RECEPTOR
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