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Pharm Chapter 56-58
Digestive System & Structure/Function Chpt 56
37
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2013

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Term
Structure
How long is the Alimentary Canal?
Definition
Extends from oral cavity to anus (25–30 feet in length).
Term
What is the Function of the Digestive tract?
Definition
Provides the body with fluids, nutrients, and electrolytes in a form that can be used at the cellular level
Disposes of waste products resulting from digestive process
Term
Esophagus the musculofibrous tubes is ___ long?
Definition
Esophagus
Musculofibrous tube ≈10” long
Term
What is the main function of the esophagus?
Definition
Convey food bolus from pharynx to stomach
Term
Each end is a sphincter
Upper sphincter does?
Definition
prevents air from entering esophagus during inspiration
Term
Each end is a sphincter
Lower sphincter does?
Definition
Lower sphincter prevents gastric acid reflux into esophagus
Term
Stomach serves as a _____?
Definition
reservoir
Term
Stomach churns/mixes?
Definition
food with digestive juices
Term
Stomach initiates?
Definition
Protein metabolism
Term
Stomach secretes ____ and what other factors?
Definition
mucus,
hydrochloric acid, enzymes, intrinsic factor (necessary for vitamin B12 absorption)
Term
Only alcohol and some medications are absorbed in the ____?
Definition
stomach
Term
Small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Definition
≈20’ in length
Term
Small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum contains numerous glands that secrete?
Definition
Digestive enzymes, hormones, and mucus
Term
Most digestion & absorption occur in the?
Definition
small intestine, including most oral medications
Term
Large intestine includes?
Definition
Cecum, colon, rectum, anus
Term
The colon secretes?
Definition
mucus, absorbs water
Term
Pancreas Secretes enzymes for digestion include ___,___,___?
Definition
CHO, proteins, fats
Term
Pancreas Secretes hormones that regulate ____metabolism, ____ sugar levels
Definition
glucose, blood
Term
Gallbladder Stores and concentrates ____?
Definition
bile
Term
Gallbladder releases ____ when ___ are in the duodenum
Definition
bile, fats
Term
Liver receive ___-___% of total cardiac output.
Definition
25–30%
Term
Liver receives ___% is venous blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas(portal circulation)
Definition
75
Term
What organ Receives 25–30% of total cardiac output, 75% is venous blood from stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas (portal circulation).
Remainder is arterial blood via hepatic artery.
Definition
Liver
Term
The liver also plays what four roles?
Definition
Detoxifies/alters substances
Oxidation, hydrolysis, conjugation

Has role in metabolism of
CHO, fat, protein

Has role in glucose/glycogen conversion

Synthesizes vital coagulation factors
Term
The liver serves as body's blood reservoir and does what three things?
Definition
Ejects blood into general circulation in response to stress,  blood volume, SNS stimulation

Serves as blood filter and detoxifier

Most medications are metabolized in the liver, excreted by kidneys
Term
Mucus
Definition
Protects GI lining from digestive juices

Lubricates food bolus for easier passage

Promotes adherence of fecal mass

Neutralizes acids and bases
Term
Saliva
Definition
Contains mucus, ptyalin, salivary amylase

Lubricates food bolus

Initiates starch digestion
Term
Gastric juice
Definition
Mucus, digestive enzymes
Hydrochloric acid, electrolytes
Term
Gastric juice Secretion varies related to
Definition
-Time of day
-Time/type of food ingested
-Psychological state
-Body’s other metabolic activities
-Secretion stimulated by PNS
Term
Pancreatic juices
Definition
-Are alkaline secretions
-Contain enzymes for digestion of CHO, fats, proteins

-Contain large amounts of sodium bicarbonate

-Protects mucosa of small intestine from digestive properties of gastric juices
Term
Bile formed continuously in the liver and?
Definition
-Carried to the gallbladder for storage
-Contains bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin, fatty acids, electrolytes
-Bile salts required for digestion/ absorption of fats
-Reabsorbed/reused by liver; some excreted in feces
Term
Many common symptoms relate to GI are?
Definition
Many common symptoms relate to GI function
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Term
Symptoms may result from?
Definition
GI disorder
Other body system disorders
Medication therapy
Term
GI symptoms may alter?
Definition
Ingestion, dissolution, absorption, metabolism of medications
Term
Medications administered for conditions unrelated to GI disorders
Medications administered for conditions unrelated to GI disorders may cause?
Definition
GI disorders
Term
GI conditions may alter clients response to?
Definition
medication therapy
Term
Primarily alter what three GI functions?
And may include?
Definition
Secretion, absorption, motility

Laxatives, antidiarrheals
Antiemetics, acid-peptic disorders
Cholinergics, anticholinergics
Corticosteroids, anti-infectives
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