Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharm CH 54
Cancer Chemotherapy
19
Pharmacology
Professional
06/02/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cyclophosphamide
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Alkylating Agents

 

Transfer alkyl groups to various cellular constituents.  Alkylations of DNA within the nucleus probably represent the major interactions that lead to cell death.

Occur in rapidly growing tissues – bone marrow, GI tract, reproductive system

 

Nausea and vomiting

Cancer

 

Term
Chlorambucil
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Alkylating Agents

 

Transfer alkyl groups to various cellular constituents.Alkylations of DNA within the nucleus probably represent the major interactions that lead to cell death.

Occur in rapidly growing tissues – bone marrow, GI tract, reproductive system

 

Nausea and vomiting

Cancer

 

Term
Lomustine
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Alkylating Agents

 

Transfer alkyl groups to various cellular constituents.Alkylations of DNA within the nucleus probably represent the major interactions that lead to cell death.

Occur in rapidly growing tissues – bone marrow, GI tract, reproductive system

 

Nausea and vomiting

Cancer

 

Term
Methotrexate
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antimetabolites

 

Folate analog that inhibits dihdrofolate reductase (DHFR), interfering with the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (THF), which is a key one-carbon carrier for purine nucleotide synthesis.

Mucositis, myelosuppression with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia

 

Hepatic toxicity

Breast cancer, head and neck cancer, osteogenic sarcoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, bladder cancer, choriocarcinoma

 

Term
Mercaptopurine
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antimetabolites

 

Inhibits purine nucleotide synthesis; incorporates triphosphate into RNA and DNA

Myelosuppression, immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

 

Term
Fluorouracil
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antimetabolites

 

Inhibits thymidine synthase; incorporates 5-fluorouridine-5’-triphosphate (FUTP) into RNA resulting in alteration in RNA processing; incorporation of FdUTP into DNA resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis

Mucositis, bone marrow depression, neurotoxicity

Colorectal cancer, anal cancer, breast cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, head and neck cancer hepatocellular cancer

 

Term
Vinblastine
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Mitotic Spindle Inhibitors

 

Inhibition of tubulin polyermization, which disrupts assembly of microtubules. This results in mitotic arrest in metaphase leading to cell death.

Myelosuppression, mucositis, alopecia, SIADH, vascular events

Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkins’ lymphoma, germ cell cancer, breast cancer, Kaposi’s sarcoma

 

Term
Vincristine
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Mitotic Spindle Inhibitors

 

Inhibition of tubulin polyermization, which disrupts assembly of microtubules. This results in mitotic arrest in metaphase leading to cell death.

Neurotoxicity with peripheral neuropathy, paralytic ileus, myelosuppression, alopecia, SIADH

Acute lymphoblastic anemia (ALL), Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor

Term
Paclitaxel
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Mitotic Spindle Inhibitors

 

Acts as mitotic spindle poison by binding to microtubules and enhancing tubulin polymerization in the absence of microtubule-associated proteins and guanosine triphosphate.  Results in inhibition of mitosis and cell division.

Hypotension, arrhythmias, hypersensitivity, myelosuppression, peripheral sensory neuropathy

Breast, non-small cell and small cell lung, ovarian, prostate gastroesophageal, bladder, head and neck

 

Term
Etoposide
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

 

Inhibits topoisomerase II, which results in

DNA damage through strand breakage induced by the formation of a ternary complex of drug, DNA, and enzyme

Hypotension, alopecia, myelosuppression

Non-small and small cell lung, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastric

 

Term
Topotecan
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

 

Inhibit topoisomerase I, the key enzyme for cutting and re-ligating single DNA strands, resulting in DNA damage.

myelosuppression

Small cell lung, ovarian

 

Term
Doxorubicin
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antibiotics

 

Cytotoxic action through 4 mechanisms:

(1) Inhibits topoisomerase II

(2) Binds to DNA through intercalation, which blocks synthesis of DNA and RNA, and causes DNA strand scission

(3) Generation of free radicals

(4) Bind to cellular membranes to alter fluidity and ion transport

Red urine (not hematuria), alopecia, myelosuppression, stomatitis

 

Cardiac toxicity: (acute) arrhythmias, pericarditis, myocarditis; (chronic) cardiomyopathy and heart failure

Breast, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma, ovarian, non-small and small cell lung, thyroid, Wilms’ tumor, neuroblastoma

 

Term
Bleomycin
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antibiotics

 

Oxygen free radicals bind to DNA causing single- and double-strand DNA breaks

Allergic reactions, fever, hypotension, skin toxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, mucositis, alopecia

Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, germ cell, head and neck

 

Term
Mitomycin
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Antibiotics

 

Acts as an alkylating agent and forms cross-links with DNA; formation of oxygen free radicals, which target DNA

Myelosuppression, mucositis, anorexia and fatigue, hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Superficial bladder, gastric, breast, non-small cell lung, head and neck

 

Term
Flutamide
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Hormonal Agents

 

Androgen receptor antagonist

Mild gynecomastia, reversible hepatic toxicity

Prostate cancer

 

Term
Tamoxifen
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Hormonal Agents

 

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM); competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol at the estrogen receptor

 

Estrogen receptor antagonist (breasts)

Estrogen receptor agonist (bones)

Hot flushes, nausea, vomiting

Palliative treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and chemoprevention of breast cancer in high-risk women;

prevent osteoporosis

 

Term
Prednisone
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Hormonal Agents

 

Glucocorticoid

Hypertension, fluid retention, diabetes, ↑susceptibility infection

Cataracts, fat redistribution, glaucoma, muscle wasting, peptic ulcers

Rx: control proliferation of

corticosteroid sensitive tumors

(Hodgkin's, non-Hodgkin's, etc.)

 

Term
Leuprolide
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Hormonal Agents

 

GnRH receptor agonist; suppresses FSH &

LH release in the long-term

Gynecomastia, hot flashes,

impotence

prostate

 

Term
Anastrozole
Definition

CH 54 Cancer Chemotherapy

Hormonal Agents

 

Selective nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase, the enzyme required for estrogen synthesis

Fatigue, hot flashes, arthralgias

Breast cancer

 

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