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Details

Pharm CH 32
Drugs of Abuse
9
Pharmacology
Professional
05/30/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Morphine

and other Opioids

Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

4

(out of 5)

MORPHINES

Miosis, orthostatic hypotension, respiratory depression, pain suppression, histamine release, hormonal alterations, increased ICP,

nausea, euphoria, sedation

Nalaxone  (opioid overdose) = nonselective antagonist of opioid receptors

 

Methadone and Buprenorphine (substitution therapy for opioid addicts) = agonist/partial agonist at μ-opioid receptors

 

Term
Cannabinoids (Marijuana)
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

2

Euphoria, relaxation, feelings of well-being, grandiosity, altered perception of passage of time, visual distortions, drowsiness, diminished coordination, memory impairment.
May also create dysphoric state and lead to hallucinations, depersonalization, psychotic episodes

 

Dronabinol is a synthetic ∆9-THC analog that is an approved cannabinoid agonist

 

Term
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB)
(club drug, or date rape drug)
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

?

Before causing sedation and coma, GHB causes euphoria, enhanced sensory perceptions, a feeling of social closeness, and amnesia

n/a

 

Term
LSD and other Hallucinogens
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

1

Do not induce dependence or addiction

Perceptual distortion, psychosis-like manifestations (depersonalization, hallucinations, distorted time perception), dizziness, nausea, paresthesias, blurred vision, flashbacks up to several years later

 

Benzodiazepines for sedation; acidification

of urine may hasten PCP excretion

 

Term
Nicotine
Definition

 

 

4

Withdrawal is mild and involves irritability and sleep problems

Varenicline (smoking cessation) = partial agonist of nicotinic ACh receptor of the α4β2- type

Bupropion (cessation therapy) = antidepressant drug

 

Term
Barbiturates and other sedatives
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

3

Symptoms of overdose include sluggishness, incoordination, difficulty in thinking, slowness of speech, faulty judgment, drowsiness, shallow breathing, and staggering. In severe cases, coma and death can result

Treatment can be supportive/observation or involve mechanical ventilation

May involve activated charcoal, IV, or alkalization of urine

 

Term
Alcohol
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

3

Withdrawal can be severe =  (6-12 hours after cessation) trmor, nausea, vomiting, agitation; (12-24 hours) hallucinations; (24-48 hours) generalized seizures; (48-72 hours) delirium tremens associated with 5-15% mortality

Benzodiazepines such as oxazepam and lorazepam (attenuate withdrawal symptoms including delirium tremens) = enhances GABAergic synaptic transmission

 

Term
Industrial Solvents and other Inhalents
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

Varies

Euphoria, increased excitability,

smooth muscle relaxation, enhanced

erection

 

Liver, kidney, peripheral nerve, &

brain damage; fluorocarbons may

cause sudden deaths from ventricular

arrhythmias or asphyxiation

Management of overdose remains supportive

 

Term
Cocaine and other stimulants
Definition

CH 32 Drugs of Abuse

 

5

Use leads to ↑BP, ↑HR, arrhythmias, hyperactivity, and ↑ risk of intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, MI, and seizures

 

Overdoes can lead to hyperthermia, coma, and death.Paranoid schizophrenia-like state;

delusions that bugs are under their skin.

Overdose treatment is supportive.

 

Weaning from stimulants with dopamine agonists, treatment with antipsychotic or

antidepressants may be necessary

 

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