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PHAR100 Section C
C2
28
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
04/17/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Non-lipid risk factor for coronary heart disease
Definition
Obesity, cigarette smoking, hypertension and lack of exercise
Term
Three major types of lipids
Definition
Cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
waxy, fat-like, ring-structured chemical, component cell membranes, used for synthesis of sex hormones, bile salts and vitamin D
Term
Lipoprotein
Definition
Fats packaged for transport
Term
Types of lipoprotein
Definition
Chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoproteins
Term
Chylomicrons
Definition
Largest of lipoproteins, formed in intestine, carry triglycerides of dietary origin
Term
Very low density lipoproteins
Definition
Secreted by liver and carry triglycerides to body issues
Term
Low density lipoproteins
Definition
Bad, taken up by macrophages, increase fatty deposits
Term
High density lipoproteins
Definition
Good,transports cholesterole away from arteries to liver where cholesterol biotransformed into bile acids and excreted
Term
Secondary Hyperlipoporteinemias
Definition
Complications of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism or chronic ingestion large amounts of alcohol
Term
Primary Hyperlipoproteinemias
Definition
From inherited single-gene defect inherited
Term
Cholestyramine
Definition
Large, insoluble, positively charged resin, binds to bile acids, prevents reabsorption
Enhanced uptake LDL from blood
Term
Gemfibrozil
Definition
Treatment hypertriglyceridemia

Decreases VLDL by breakdown of triglycerides and decreased secretion of VLDL by liver
Term
Niacin
Definition
Inhibits secretion of VLDL from liver
Increasing levels of HDL
Term
Lovastatin
Definition
Inhibit enzyme (HMG-CoA) which catalyzes rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis

More LDL removed from blood by liver
Term
Eztimibe
Definition
Selective inhibitor of intestinal absorption of cholesterol and plant sterols
Term
Upper figure in BP
Definition
Pressure in mm of mercury during systole (heart contracting)
Term
Lower figure in BP
Definition
Pressure in mm of mercury between contractions (diastole)
Term
Factors control blood pressure
Definition
Volume of fluid in blood vessels
Resistance to blood flow in circulation
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Term
Treatment of Hypertension
Definition
Diuretics
Decrease sympathetic nervous system activity
Vasodilators
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
Calcium channel blocker
Term
Thiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)
Definition
Diuretic, decreases blood volime by enhancing salt and water excretion by kidney, lowers resistance of blood vessels
Term
Beta blocker (Propranolol)
Definition
Causes blockafe of beta-adrenergic receptors
Term
Alpha blocker (Prazosin)
Definition
Block alpha-adrenergic receptors and lowers BP by dilating arterioles and veins
Term
Adrenergic neuron blocker (Reserpine)
Definition
Binds and destroys storage vesicles in adrenergic neurons, depletes of catecholamine, BP decreases
Term
Centrally acting (clonidine)
Definition
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in brain stem (decreased sympathetic nervous system, reduced resistance of blood vessels, decreased BP)
Term
Vasodilators (hydralazine)
Definition
Direct relaxation of arterioles
Term
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (captopril)
Definition
Acts on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone to inhibit conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Term
Calcium channel blocker (nifedipine)
Definition
Decreases amount of calcium reaching sites in cells of vascular smooth muscle, relaxation of arterioles
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