Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PH 1 - Overview of community health nursing
PHysical Assessment Findings
48
Nursing
Undergraduate 4
11/12/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Nurses who work in CH should have an understanding of? (3)
Definition
1. foundation of community health nursing
2. principles of community health nursing
3. health promotion and disease prevention
Term
Nightingale's Theory of Environment
Definition
Highlights relationship between an individual's environment and health
Term
Health Belief Model
Definition
Purpose is to predict or explain health behaviors, assumes that preventative health behaviors are taken primarily for the purpose of avoiding disease
-emphasizes change at the individual level
-describes the likelihood of taking an action to avoid disease based on: perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and threat of disease, modifying factors (demographics, knowledge level), cues to action (media campaigns, disease impact on family/friends, recommendations from health care professionals), perceived benefits minus perceived barriers to taking actions
Term
Milio's Framework for Prevention
Definition
Complements the health belief model
emphasizes the change at the community level
identifies the relationship btw health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
-theorizes that behavior changes within a large number of people can ultimately lead to social change
Term
Community
Definition
-group of people and institutions that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters. Vary in characteristics and health needs.
Term
How is a community's health determined?
Definition
By degree to which community's collective health needs are identified and met
Term
Health indicators of a community
Definition
mortality rates, disease prevalence, levels of physical activity, obesity, tobacco use, substance use
Term
Who is the client in community health nursing?
Definition
The community or a population (an aggregate who shares one or more personal characteristics)
Term
What are the purposes of population-focused nursing?
Definition
Assessing to determine needs and intervening and promote health, and preventing disease within a specific population
Term
Community based nursing focus of care + nursing activities
Definition
focus: individuals, families
activities: management of acute and chronic conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work, and "attend" (schools, camps, prisons)
Term
Community-oriented nursing focus of care + nursing activities:
Definition
focus: at-risk individuals, and groups, community
activities: determining health needs of a community, and intervening at the individual, family, and group level to improve the collective health of the community
Term
Community health nursing practice focus + nursing activities
Definition
focus: synthesis of nursing and public health theory
activities: promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to impact community health
Term
Public health nursing practice focus + nursing activities
Definition
focus: synthesis of nursing and public health theory
activities: promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the community as a whole. CORE FUNCTIONS: systemic assessment of the health of populations, development of policies to support the health of populations, ensuring the essential health services are available to all persons
Term
Public Health Code of Ethics
Definition
IDs ethical practice of PH. Considerations include: preventing harm, doing no harm, promoting good, respecting both individual and community rights, respecting autonomy and diversity, and providing confidentiality, competency, trust, and advocacy
Term
Respect for Autonomy (def + situation)
Definition
Individuals select those actions that fulfill their goals
S: respecting a client's right to self-determination (making a decision not to pursue chemotherapy)
Term
Nonmaleficence
Definition
No harm is done when applying standards of care.
S: Developing plans of care that include a system for monitoring and evaluating outcomes
Term
Beneficence
Definition
Maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm
S: assessing risks and benefits when planning interventions
Term
Distributive Justice
Definition
Fair distribution of the benefits and burden in society is based on the needs and contributions of its members
S: determining eligibility for health care services based on income and fiscal resources
Term
Epidemiology definition
Definition
study of health-related trends in populations for the purposes of disease prevention, health maintenances, and health protection
Term
Agent
Definition
Animate or inanimate object that causes the disease
Term
Host
Definition
living being that is affected by the agent
Term
Environment
Definition
setting or surrounding that sustains the host
Term
Incidence
Definition
Number of new cases in the population at a specific time / population total X 1000 = x/1000
Term
Prevalence
Definition
Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time/ population total = 1000 = X/1000
Term
Crude mortality rate
Definition
Number of deaths/population total x 1000 = x/1000
Term
Infant mortality rate
Definition
number of infant deaths before 1 year of age in a year/numbers of live births in the same year x 1000 = x/1000
Term
attack rate
Definition
number of people exposed to a specific agent who develop disease/total number of people exposed
Term
Epi Process
1. Determine nature, extent, and possible significance of the problem
Definition
during this phase of process, the nurse collects information from as many sources as possible. This info is then used to determine the scope of the proble
Term
Epi Process
2. using the gathered data, formulate possible theory
Definition
at this time, nurse projects and explores the possible explanation
Term
Epi Process
3. Gather info from a variety of sources in order to narrow down possibilities
Definition
nurse assesses all possible sites for amassing information related to disease process. The nurse evaluates the plausibility of the proposed hypothesis.
Term
Epi Process
4. make the plan
Definition
nurse focuses on breaking down the cycle of disease. All factors influencing the spread of the disease must be considered and identified. Priorities are established to break the chain of transmission and to control the spread of the disease.
Term
Epi Process
5. put plan into action
Definition
using all available means, the nurse puts the plan for controlling the disease into action
Term
Epi Process
6. evaluate the plan
Definition
nurse gathers pertinent info to determine success of plan. using this plan, the nurse evaluates successes and failures and based follow-up on the evaluation information
Term
7. Report and follow up
Definition
Nurse synthesizes evaluation data into a format that is understandable. Then nurse evaluates successes and failures and bases follow-up on evaluation information
Term
Agent - chemical, physical, infectious
Definition
chem - drugs/toxins
phys - noise, temp
infect: viruses, bacteria
Term
Susceptible hosts
Definition
age, gender, genetics, ethnicity, immune status, physiological state, occupation
Term
Environment (physical + social)
Definition
phys - geography, water/food supply, presence of reservoirs/vectors

social - access to health care, high-risk working conditions, poverty
Term
Barriers that make learning difficult (nurse must consider when educating)
Definition
age, cultural, poor reading and comprehension skills, language barriers, barriers to access, lack of motivation
Term
Behavioral theory
Definition
use of reinforcement methods to change learners patterns of thought
Term
Cognitive theory
Definition
use of sensory input and repetition to change learners patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors
Term
critical theory
Definition
use of ongoing discussion and inquirty to increase learners' depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and hebaviors
Term
Developmental theory
Definition
use of techniques specific to learners' developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge
Term
Humanistic theory
Definition
assists learners to grow by emphasizing emotions and relationships and believing that free choice will prompt actions that are in their own best interest
Term
Social learning theory
Definition
links information to beliefs and values to change or shift the learners' expectations
Term
Preventive services
Definition
health education, counseling, immunizations, and other acions that aim to preven a potential disease or disability
Term
Primary prevention
Definition
prevention of the initial occurrence or disease or injury
ex: nutritin edu, family planning/sex edu, smoking cessation communicable disease,edu about health/hygeine, safety edu, prenatal classes, immunizations, advocating for access to HC
Term
Secondary prevention
Definition
early detection and treatment of disease with the goal of limiting severity and adverse effects
-community assessments, screenings: cancer, hypertension,tuberculosis, lead exposure, genetic disorders; control of outbreaks of communicable diseases
Term
Tertiary prevention
Definition
Maximization of recovery after an injury or illness (rehab)
-nutrition counseling, exercise rehab, case management, physical and OT, support groups, exercise for hypertensive patients
Supporting users have an ad free experience!