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Petroleum Section A
what is petroleum, fractional distillation and alkanes
30
Chemistry
10th Grade
03/31/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Which of these substances is not produced from petroleum starting materials?

 

1.  plastic bottle

2.  gasoline

3.  wax paper

4.  hand cream (moisturizer)

5.  cane sugar

6.  engine oil 

Definition
cane sugar - this comes from a plant.
Term
How many hydrogens are in a 14 carbon alkane?
Definition

30 hydrogens.

 

Alkane general formula = CnH2n+2

Term

Draw the structure of 3,4-diethyloctane. 

 

You can just show the "carbon backbone."

Definition

[image]

 

Remember - the hydrogens are not shown, but they are there!

Term
Definition
methylbutane
Term

Name this compound:

 

 [image]

Definition
2-methylpropane
Term
A single covalent bond contains how many electrons?
Definition
2 electrons
Term
Fractional distillation separates petroleum fractions by taking advantage of different ___________ of the molecules.
Definition
boiling points
Term
Name this molecule: CH3CH2CH3
Definition
Propane
Term
Two molecules are isomers if
Definition
they have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Term
What is the general formula for an alkane?
Definition
CnH2n+2
Term

Crude oil, or petroleum, is a

 

(renewable / nonrenewable) resource.

Definition
nonrenewable
Term
The higher the boiling point of a molecule, the (weaker / stronger) the intermolecular forces holding those molecules to each other are.
Definition
stronger
Term
Draw the electron dot structure of ethane.
Definition
[image]
Term
The bond angles in methane (and all alkanes, in fact) measure _______ degrees.
Definition
109.5.  This creates what is called a tetrahedral shape.
Term
How many electrons are in a methane molecule?
Definition
8
Term
The smallest alkane is named ________ and has this

electron dot structure ________.
Definition
methane;       [image]
Term
Are pentane and dimethylpropane isomers?
Definition
Yes they are.  They both have the molecular formula C5H12 but have different connectivity of their atoms - different structures.
Term

[image]Name this molecule:

 

  [image]

Definition
2,2-dimethylbutane
Term
What is a "butyl" group?
Definition

A 4-carbon chain that is connected to a larger hydrocarbon chain.

 

 

Term
Hydrocarbon compounds with 1 to 4 carbon atoms are (solids / liquids / gases) at room temperature, and have (strong / weak) intermolecular forces.
Definition
gases ; weak
Term

Why do carbon-to-carbon bonds have 109.5° bond angles between them?

 

 

Definition
This bond angle places the bonds as far apart from each other as possible.
Term

What's the difference between a structural formula, a condensed structural formula, and a molecular formula?

 

Use propane as an example.

Definition

A molecular formula just indicates the number of each atom:  C3H8.

 

A condensed structural formula assumes that you understand how the hydrogens are bonded to the carbons:  CH3CH2CH3.

 

A structural formula shows all of the bonds clearly:[image]



 

Term

Name this compound:

 

 

[image]

 

  

Definition
2,5-dimethylheptane
Term
Branching (increases / decreases) boiling point.
Definition
decreases.
Term
When intermolecular forces are weak, the boiling point of the substance is (low / high).
Definition
Low.
Term

Are these molecules isomers?

 

[image]      and      [image]

Definition
No - they are the SAME molecule.
Term

Are these molecules isomers?

 

 

C -- C -- C -- C -- C -- C      and      C -- C -- C -- C -- C
                                                                               |

                                                                               C

 

(only carbon skeleton shown)

 

 

Definition
No.  They are the same molecule.
Term
The prefix in a hydrocarbon name indicates what?
Definition
The number of carbon atoms in the chain.
Term
The first four hydrocarbon prefixes are
Definition

meth-

 eth-

 prop-

 but-

Term

What's my name?

 

 

[image]

Definition
Count Chocula
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